Factores de riesgo asociados a neumonía intrahospitalaria en pacientes del servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco del Cusco, 2021

Abstract

Antecedentes: La neumonía intrahospitalaria es una de las principales infecciones nosocomiales, se asocia a incremento en las tasas de morbimortalidad, además del aumento de costes sanitarios, siendo un gran problema de salud pública, por ello la importancia de investigar los factores de riesgo asociados a esta patología para poder prevenirlos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociado a la neumonía intrahospitalaria en pacientes del servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco del Cusco, 2021. Materiales y Método: El estudio es observacional analítico de casos y controles de corte retrospectivo. La muestra fue conformada por 186 pacientes (93 casos y 93 controles). Considerándose caso a todo paciente con diagnóstico de neumonía intrahospitalaria y control a todo paciente sin neumonía intrahospitalaria. Se excluyó a todo paciente que no cumpliera con los criterios de inclusión. Para evaluar la asociación se utilizó el OR y la significancia estadística a través de los valores de p y el IC al 95%. Se revisó las historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo asociado a NIH fueron el antecedente de ECV (p=< .001, OR=7.89, IC95% [4.1-15.2]), antecedente de COVID 19 resuelto (p < .001, OR=3.34 IC95% [1.8-6.2]), estancia hospitalaria prolongada (P =001, OR=0.166, IC 95% [0.0814-0.339]) , reingreso hospitalario (p=0 .001, OR=3.58, IC 95% [1.62-7.89]). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo fueron el antecedente de ECV, antecedente de COVID 19 resuelto, estancia hospitalaria prolongada, reingreso hospitalario.

Background: Intrahospital pneumonia is one of the main nosocomial infections, it is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality rates, in addition to the increase in health costs, being a great public health problem, therefore the importance of investigating the risk factors associated with this pathology in order to prevent them. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with intrahospital pneumonia in patients of the internal medicine service of the Adolfo Guevara Velasco National Hospital in Cusco, 2021. Materials and Methods: The study is an analytical observational case-control retrospective study. The sample consisted of 186 patients (93 cases and 93 controls). All patients with a diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia were considered a case, and all patients without hospital-acquired pneumonia were considered a control. Any patient who did not meet the inclusion criteria was excluded. To evaluate the association, the OR and the statistical significance were used through the p values and the 95% CI. The medical records of hospitalized patients who met the selection criteria were reviewed. Results: The risk factors associated with intrahospital pneumonia were a antecedent of stroke (p=< .001, OR=7.89, IC95% [4.1-15.2]), a antecedent of resolved COVID 19 (p < .001, OR=3.34 IC95% [1.8-6.2]), prolonged hospital stay (P =001, OR=0.166, 95% CI [0.0814-0.339]), hospital readmission (p=0.001, OR=3.58, 95% CI [1.62-7.89] ). Conclusions: The risk factors were a antecedent of stroke, a antecedent of resolved COVID 19, prolonged hospital stay, hospital readmission.