Nivel de conocimiento de los padres de niños menores de 5 años sobre los signos de gravedad en infecciones respiratorias agudas y su asistencia al servicio de emergencias del Centro de Salud de tercer nivel - Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco, julio -2023

Abstract

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of knowledge about ARIs in parents in relation to the clinical status on the assistance of children under 5 years of age who arrive at the emergency room of the Adolfo Guevara Velasco National Hospital, July - 2023. HYPOTHESIS: Knowledge about ARIs in parents affects the clinical status of children under 5 years of age who arrive at the emergency room of the Adolfo Guevara Velasco National Hospital, July - 2023 METHOD: Type of research: This is a correlational, cross-sectional study Research design: It is an analytical – observational study and non-experimental. Study population: The population is made up of parents of children under 5 years of age who attend the HNAGV emergency pediatric service with ARI symptoms. Sample: 382 parents Sampling: Simple random probabilistic Data collection technique: Survey Instrument: Data collection sheet validated by experts. RESULTS: There’s no association between the level of knowledge about signs of severity of ARIs and the clinical state of attendance at the emergency service (p= 0.923). The most predominant symptoms were cough (91.88%), malaise (79.32%), runny nose (67.8%) and fever (65.18%); the HNAGV was the nearest health center in 23.4%, the majority of parents had a moderate level of knowledge (63.87%), an association was demonstrated between the level of knowledge and the number of ARI episodes (p=0.015), an association was demonstrated between the level of knowledge and the degree of instruction of the parents (p<0.001); an association was demonstrated between the signs and symptoms of attendance with the age of the parents (p<0.001); an association was demonstrated between the signs and symptoms of attendance with the number of children (p=0.046); the treatment that parents expect to receive regarding their age was associated (p=0.002); the treatment expected to receive and the degree of instruction of the parents had an association (p = 0.005), the severity of the symptoms according to the consideration of the parents resulted in 56.28%, 62.3% and 48% as moderate to sore throat, runny nose and dry cough respectively, 64.5% considered fever as a serious symptom and 20.68% as very serious, lack of appetite, cyanosis, rib retraction, tachypnea, drowsiness and difficulty breathing were the symptoms considered the most serious CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge of ARIs has no impact on the clinical attendance at the HNAGV emergency service; more than half of the parents had other health centers closer to their homes; Mostly children attended between the age range of 3 to 5 years; the level of knowledge was mostly moderate and more than half of the children did not present serious symptoms at the evaluation; In the last 6 months, the majority presented 3 episodes of ARIs, the number of ARIs in the last 6 month

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of knowledge about ARIs in parents in relation to the clinical status on the assistance of children under 5 years of age who arrive at the emergency room of the Adolfo Guevara Velasco National Hospital, July - 2023. HYPOTHESIS: Knowledge about ARIs in parents affects the clinical status of children under 5 years of age who arrive at the emergency room of the Adolfo Guevara Velasco National Hospital, July - 2023 METHOD: Type of research: This is a correlational, cross-sectional study Research design: It is an analytical – observational study and non-experimental. Study population: The population is made up of parents of children under 5 years of age who attend the HNAGV emergency pediatric service with ARI symptoms. Sample: 382 parents Sampling: Simple random probabilistic Data collection technique: Survey Instrument: Data collection sheet validated by experts. RESULTS: There’s no association between the level of knowledge about signs of severity of ARIs and the clinical state of attendance at the emergency service (p= 0.923). The most predominant symptoms were cough (91.88%), malaise (79.32%), runny nose (67.8%) and fever (65.18%); the HNAGV was the nearest health center in 23.4%, the majority of parents had a moderate level of knowledge (63.87%), an association was demonstrated between the level of knowledge and the number of ARI episodes (p=0.015), an association was demonstrated between the level of knowledge and the degree of instruction of the parents (p<0.001); an association was demonstrated between the signs and symptoms of attendance with the age of the parents (p<0.001); an association was demonstrated between the signs and symptoms of attendance with the number of children (p=0.046); the treatment that parents expect to receive regarding their age was associated (p=0.002); the treatment expected to receive and the degree of instruction of the parents had an association (p = 0.005), the severity of the symptoms according to the consideration of the parents resulted in 56.28%, 62.3% and 48% as moderate to sore throat, runny nose and dry cough respectively, 64.5% considered fever as a serious symptom and 20.68% as very serious, lack of appetite, cyanosis, rib retraction, tachypnea, drowsiness and difficulty breathing were the symptoms considered the most serious CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge of ARIs has no impact on the clinical attendance at the HNAGV emergency service; more than half of the parents had other health centers closer to their homes; Mostly children attended between the age range of 3 to 5 years; the level of knowledge was mostly moderate and more than half of the children did not present serious symptoms at the evaluation; In the last 6 months, the majority presented 3 episodes of ARIs, the number of ARIs in the last 6 months and the level of education were influential factors on the level of knowledge of ARIs.