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Sánchez, V., (2021). Tipificación de las practicas colusorias horizontales como delito que afecta la libre competencia en el Perú [Universidad Andina del Cusco]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/4471
Sánchez, V., Tipificación de las practicas colusorias horizontales como delito que afecta la libre competencia en el Perú []. PE: Universidad Andina del Cusco; 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/4471
@misc{renati/954835,
title = "Tipificación de las practicas colusorias horizontales como delito que afecta la libre competencia en el Perú",
author = "Sánchez Mamani, Víctor Joel",
publisher = "Universidad Andina del Cusco",
year = "2021"
}
Title: Tipificación de las practicas colusorias horizontales como delito que afecta la libre competencia en el Perú
Authors(s): Sánchez Mamani, Víctor Joel
Advisor(s): Velásquez Delgado, Percy
Keywords: Tipificación; Practicas colusorias; Delito; Libre competencia
OCDE field: https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.05.01
Issue Date: 27-Dec-2021
Institution: Universidad Andina del Cusco
Abstract: La presente investigación intitulada “TIPIFICACIÓN DE LAS PRACTICAS
COLUSORIAS HORIZONTALES COMO DELITO QUE AFECTA LA
LIBRE COMPETENCIA EN EL PERÚ” surge como parte del desarrollo de la
formación universitaria, donde se ha tomado conocimiento del Derecho de la
Competencia y la Propiedad Intelectual, que ha permitido realizar un estudio en
relación a las practicas colusorias horizontales y el Derecho Penal Económico, a fin
de entender el tratamiento penal y regulación legislativa de esta institución en el
Derecho Comparado, para su tipificación en nuestra regulación.
Esta investigación ha tenido como objetivo, establecer los fundamentos jurídicos por
los que se debe tipificar las practicas colusorias horizontales como delito que afecta
la libre competencia en el Perú; ha sido desarrollada empleando el enfoque
cualitativo, tipo de investigación comparativa propositiva, y de nivel básico; la
técnica empleada es el análisis documental, legislativo y de 09 casos de INDECOPI,
para ello se ha utilizado como instrumentos, las fichas de análisis documental, de
análisis interpretativo normativo y de casos; teniendo como diseño contextual, un
espacio temporal que comprende a los años 2008 a 2021 atendiendo a la entrada en
vigencia el Decreto Legislativo 1034 Ley de Represión de Conductas
Anticompetitivas, y como unidad de estudio casos de Practicas Colusorias
Horizontales.
El desarrollo teórico y los hallazgos de la investigación han permitido arribar a las
siguientes conclusiones: i) Teniendo en consideración que existen practicas
colusorias horizontales de prohibición relativa y absoluta, se debe tipificar la
practicas colusorias horizontales de prohibición absoluta, también conocidas como
cárteles empresariales, por los siguientes fundamentos jurídicos: Estas afectan a la
libre competencia, creando situaciones de desventaja entre competidores y en
perjuicio de los consumidores, que desde la perspectiva del Derecho Penal
Comparado son tipificadas y reciben sanción de a nivel administrativo y/o penal,
como es el caso de EEUU, Canadá, México, Argentina y Brasil; sumado a ello que
el bien jurídico que se afecta con las practicas colusorias horizontales de prohibición
absoluta es el orden económico, el cual es de trascendental importancia en nuestro
modelo y estructura económica; advirtiéndose que las conductas realizadas con
mayor frecuencia consisten en la fijación de precios, el reparto de mercados o clientes y el establecimiento de posturas o abstenciones en licitaciones públicas; las mismas
que ocasionan un grave perjuicio en el correcto funcionamiento de la libre
competencia. ii) Las practicas colusorias horizontales afectan la libre competencia,
ocasionado situaciones de desventajas entre competidores en perjuicio de los
consumidores, que se materializan restringiendo, impidiendo y falseando la actividad
comercial en el mercado. iii) Entre las que se encuentran la fijación de precios,
luego, el establecimiento de posturas o abstenciones en licitaciones, concursos u otra
forma de contratación o adquisición pública, y en tercer lugar se encuentra el reparto
de mercados. Entendiendo a la fijación de precios, como la concertación por parte de
carteles para incrementar o disminuir el precio de determinados productos y/o
servicios, realizado por agentes económicos competidores entre sí o por competir. iv)
Las practicas colusorias horizontales en el Perú, son reguladas como infracción y se
sancionan a nivel administrativo de manera pecuniaria; encuentran tratamiento
normativo en la Ley de Represión de Conductas Anticompetitivas. En el Derecho
Comparado, las practicas colusorias horizontales, son reguladas como infracción y
como delito, es decir, con sanción administrativa y penal. Entre la legislación que
regula las practicas colusorias horizontales como delito se tiene la legislación
norteamericana, canadiense mediante la Ley de Competencia, en México, el artículo
253 del Código Penal; en Argentina, el artículo 300 del Código Penal, y en Brasil
mediante la Ley 8137. v) Es importante proteger el orden económico como bien
jurídico, por 3 razones, la primera, por ser un interés valorado por la sociedad y de
carácter macrosocial; la segunda, porque garantiza el normal desarrollo de los
agentes económicos, y la tercera razón, es porque la criminalidad ha hecho que
aparezcan figuras delictivas que atentan el orden económico, y requiere de un
Derecho Penal Económico para su tratamiento.
The present investigation titled “CRIMINALIZATION OF HORIZONTAL COLLUSIVE PRACTICES AS A CRIME AFFECTING FREE COMPETITION IN PERÚ” arises as part of the development of university education, where the Competition Law and Intellectual Property has been made known, which has allowed to carry out a study related to horizontal collusive practices and Economical Criminal Law, in order to understand criminal treatment and legislative regulation of this institution in Comparative Law, for its typification in our regulatory framework. This investigation has the aimed to stablish the legal bases by which horizontal collusive practices should be classified as a crime that affects free competition in Perú; also, it has been developed using the qualitative approach, type of propositional comparative research and basic frame; the technique that has been used is documentary and legislative analysis as well from 09 practical cases from INDECOPI, for this it has been used as instruments the documentary analysis sheets, normative interpretative analysis and casuistic analysis; having as a contextual design a temporary space that includes the years 2008 to 2021 attending to the enactment of the Legislative Decree N° 1034 Law on the Repression of Anticompetitive Behaviors, and as a unit of study it has been used cases of horizontal collusive practices. The theoretical development and research findings have allowed to reach the following conclusions: i) Bearing in mind that there are horizontal collusive practices of relative and absolute prohibition, horizontal collusive practices of absolute prohibition, also known as business cartels, should be typified on the following legal bases: These affect free competition, creating situations of disadvantage between competitors and to the detriment of consumers, which from the perspective of Comparative Criminal Law are typified and receiving sanction of administrative and/or criminal level, as is the case of the USA, Canada, Mexico, Argentina and Brazil; added to the fact that the legal asset which is affected by horizontal collusive practices of absolute prohibition comes from an economic order, which is of transcendental importance in our current model and economic structure; ii) Horizontal collusive practices affect free competition, causing between competitors to the detriment of consumers, which materialize by restricting, preventing and distorting commercial activity in the market. iii) Among which are the fixing of prices, followed by the establishment of positions or abstentions in tenders, contest or another form of contracting or public procurement, and in third place is the distributions of markets. Acknowledging price fixing, such as the concertation by cartels to increase or decrease the price of certain products and/or services, carried out by economic agents competing or that will be competing. iv) Horizontal collusive practices in Peru are regulated as an infraction sanctioned at the administrative level in a pecuniary manner, which find normative treatment in the Repression of Anticompetitive Conduct Law. In the other hand in which concerns Comparative Law, horizontal collusive practices are regulated as an infraction and as a crime as well, ergo with administrative and criminal sanction. Among the legislation that regulates horizontal collusive practices as a crime is the American legislation, Canadian trough Competition Law, in Mexico the article 253 of the Criminal Code; in Argentina article 300 of the Criminal Code, and Brazil through Law No 8137. iv) It is important to protect the economic order as a legal asset for three reasons. First, because it is of a macrosocial nature and a valued interest by the society, the second reason is because it guarantees the normal development of economic agents, and the third one, is because criminality has led to the appearance of criminal figures that threaten the economic order therefore requires an Economical Criminal Law for its treatment.
The present investigation titled “CRIMINALIZATION OF HORIZONTAL COLLUSIVE PRACTICES AS A CRIME AFFECTING FREE COMPETITION IN PERÚ” arises as part of the development of university education, where the Competition Law and Intellectual Property has been made known, which has allowed to carry out a study related to horizontal collusive practices and Economical Criminal Law, in order to understand criminal treatment and legislative regulation of this institution in Comparative Law, for its typification in our regulatory framework. This investigation has the aimed to stablish the legal bases by which horizontal collusive practices should be classified as a crime that affects free competition in Perú; also, it has been developed using the qualitative approach, type of propositional comparative research and basic frame; the technique that has been used is documentary and legislative analysis as well from 09 practical cases from INDECOPI, for this it has been used as instruments the documentary analysis sheets, normative interpretative analysis and casuistic analysis; having as a contextual design a temporary space that includes the years 2008 to 2021 attending to the enactment of the Legislative Decree N° 1034 Law on the Repression of Anticompetitive Behaviors, and as a unit of study it has been used cases of horizontal collusive practices. The theoretical development and research findings have allowed to reach the following conclusions: i) Bearing in mind that there are horizontal collusive practices of relative and absolute prohibition, horizontal collusive practices of absolute prohibition, also known as business cartels, should be typified on the following legal bases: These affect free competition, creating situations of disadvantage between competitors and to the detriment of consumers, which from the perspective of Comparative Criminal Law are typified and receiving sanction of administrative and/or criminal level, as is the case of the USA, Canada, Mexico, Argentina and Brazil; added to the fact that the legal asset which is affected by horizontal collusive practices of absolute prohibition comes from an economic order, which is of transcendental importance in our current model and economic structure; ii) Horizontal collusive practices affect free competition, causing between competitors to the detriment of consumers, which materialize by restricting, preventing and distorting commercial activity in the market. iii) Among which are the fixing of prices, followed by the establishment of positions or abstentions in tenders, contest or another form of contracting or public procurement, and in third place is the distributions of markets. Acknowledging price fixing, such as the concertation by cartels to increase or decrease the price of certain products and/or services, carried out by economic agents competing or that will be competing. iv) Horizontal collusive practices in Peru are regulated as an infraction sanctioned at the administrative level in a pecuniary manner, which find normative treatment in the Repression of Anticompetitive Conduct Law. In the other hand in which concerns Comparative Law, horizontal collusive practices are regulated as an infraction and as a crime as well, ergo with administrative and criminal sanction. Among the legislation that regulates horizontal collusive practices as a crime is the American legislation, Canadian trough Competition Law, in Mexico the article 253 of the Criminal Code; in Argentina article 300 of the Criminal Code, and Brazil through Law No 8137. iv) It is important to protect the economic order as a legal asset for three reasons. First, because it is of a macrosocial nature and a valued interest by the society, the second reason is because it guarantees the normal development of economic agents, and the third one, is because criminality has led to the appearance of criminal figures that threaten the economic order therefore requires an Economical Criminal Law for its treatment.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/4471
Discipline: Derecho
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Andina del Cusco. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencia Política
Grade or title: Abogado
Juror: Ríos Mayorga, Julio Trinidad; Chuquimia Hurtado, José; Álvarez Trujillo, María Antonieta; Mujica Paredes, Boris Germain
Register date: 28-Mar-2022
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License