Bibliographic citations
López, R., (2024). Estado nutricional y factores microbiológicos orales asociados a la caries de infancia temprana en niños del distrito de villa el salvador, Lima, Perú [Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/16205
López, R., Estado nutricional y factores microbiológicos orales asociados a la caries de infancia temprana en niños del distrito de villa el salvador, Lima, Perú []. PE: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/16205
@phdthesis{renati/911601,
title = "Estado nutricional y factores microbiológicos orales asociados a la caries de infancia temprana en niños del distrito de villa el salvador, Lima, Perú",
author = "López Ramos, Roxana Patricia",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia",
year = "2024"
}
Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most frequent oral problems in children worldwide, where several factors are associated with its development. Thus, the altered nutritional status of an individual from an early age would affect the condition of the oral cavity. Likewise, the imbalance of oral microorganisms plays an important role in this oral problem. However, there are beneficial oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus dentisani, which are found in the oral cavity and act against dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine whether nutritional status and oral microbiological factors influence dental caries in preschool children residing in the district of Villa El Salvador. The studies were conducted in children from a previous birth cohort study for whom anthropometric assessments were available up to 2 years of age. In the present study, children underwent intraoral assessment, and collection of biological samples (dental plaque and saliva), and mothers/caregivers completed questionnaires on socio-demographic factors, oral health and diet. In addition, an exploratory analysis of the oral microbiome was conducted in a small group of participants with and without early childhood caries. Research 1. The objective was to assess the association between ECC and previous and current nutritional status. A total of 204 children participated, and due to the pandemic, it was executed in 2 periods: 1st period: February-March 2020 and 2nd period: August 2021. Oral assessments were performed on the children and socio- demographic, oral habits, cariogenic diet and anthropometric data were recorded at the time of the study as well as data recorded at one year and two years (taken from the data stored from the previous cohort study). In this study the prevalence of ECC in the 1st period was found to be 77.7% and in the 2nd period 71.1%; with a total prevalence of 75%. In relation to the association with anthropometric indicators at one and two years, both height-for-age and BMI-for-age z-score were not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, in the analysis at age of oral assessment, it was found that for every one unit increase in BMI-for-age, the prevalence of ECC in children decreased by 7% (95% CI; 1%, 12%) adjusted for caregiver age, monthly household income, Likelihood and Poverty Index score, frequency of toothbrushing, supervision of toothbrushing, reason for first dental visit, consumption of sweets and level of oral hygiene (p=0.049). Height-for-age was not significant at current age (p>0.05). The prevalence of ECC in children with poor oral hygiene was 3.72 times the prevalence of ECC in children with good oral hygiene (95% CI: 2.03, 6.81); the prevalence of ECC in children who consumed sweets more than twice a day was 1.19 times that of children who did not consume sweets, (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.40). Research 2. The objective was to evaluate the association of Streptococcus dentisani with ECC in dental plaque and saliva samples; additionally, the relationship between Streptococcus dentisani and Streptococcus mutans. The study population was the same as in Investigation 1. DNA extraction was performed from the collected samples, which were then subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that children with ECC had lower concentrations of Streptococcus dentisani, but higher concentrations of Streptococcus mutans (p<0.05). In addition, it was observed that the mean Streptococcus dentisani concentration was 0.52 CFU/ng DNA lower in children with ECC, (95% CI; -1.00, -0.03) adjusted for frequency of toothbrushing, use of fluoride toothpaste, daily sweets intake, fermentable carbohydrate intake between meals, salivary pH, level of oral hygiene. In addition, it was identified that the average Streptococcus dentisani concentration was 0.65 CFU/ml DNA lower in children who consumed sweets once or twice a day compared to those who did not, 95% CI: -1.13, -0.16). Research 3: This was an exploratory study that aimed to characterise the oral microbiome in 9 children with ECC and 9 children without ECC, in saliva samples from children collected in study 1. DNA was extracted from the samples to be sequenced in SeqCenter, LLC, according to the Shotgun metagenomic technique. Bioinformatic analysis was performed, using RStudio v.4.3. The species found varied between the groups with and without ECC: in children without ECC, the presence of Streptococcus phage sp SL1 stood out, while in children with ECC the species Leptotrichia sp oral taxon 847 predominated. In addition, both groups showed three species with high relative abundance: Streptococcus mitis, Neisseria sicca and Veillonella parvula. Conclusions: We found no association between previous nutritional status (1 and 2 years) with assessed ECC in children aged 3-5 years. However, we found an inverse association between body mass index for age, and ECC in children aged 3-5 years, adjusted for caregiver age, monthly household income, Likelihood and Poverty Index score, frequency of toothbrushing, supervision of toothbrushing, reason for first visit to the dentist, consumption of sweets and level of oral hygiene. On the other hand, we confirmed that higher concentrations of Streptococcus dentisani are present in children without ECC, suggesting that it is a beneficial bacterium. Finally, differences in the oral microbiome were observed between children with and without ECC.
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