Citas bibligráficas
Landa, M., (2024). Análisis genómico de la resistencia antibiótica y su concordancia genotipo/fenotipo en aislados de Helicobacter pylori [Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/16132
Landa, M., Análisis genómico de la resistencia antibiótica y su concordancia genotipo/fenotipo en aislados de Helicobacter pylori []. PE: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/16132
@mastersthesis{renati/911566,
title = "Análisis genómico de la resistencia antibiótica y su concordancia genotipo/fenotipo en aislados de Helicobacter pylori",
author = "Landa Flores, Mishell",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia",
year = "2024"
}
The rapid emergence and spread of resistant Helicobacter pylori strains have reduced the efficacy of therapy, highlighting the need for treatments guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing. However, current culture-based testing methods are slow, costly, and technically challenging. To overcome these obstacles, PCR-based methods have been developed to identify mutations associated with resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin, though they do not fully explain resistance to amoxicillin and metronidazole, resulting in low concordance with phenotypic profiles. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) methods have proven effective in detecting complex genetic factors responsible for antimicrobial resistance in H. pylori. This project demonstrated that WGS can describe multiple resistance mechanisms in H. pylori strains isolated from dyspeptic patients at Hospital y Clínica Cayetano Heredia, establishing their concordance with phenotypic susceptibility for reference drugs. First-line drug resistance was multifactorial, with each mutation contributing significantly in combination with others. Mutations at positions 2142 and 2143 of the 23S rRNA were robust markers of clarithromycin resistance, with a Kappa index of 0.714. The combination of mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes improved the diagnostic accuracy for levofloxacin resistance, with a Kappa index of 0.598. For amoxicillin resistance, the combination of mutations in the PBP1A domains allowed for moderate prediction, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.281. Mutations in the rdxA gene, affecting FMN binding and dimerization, along with premature stop codons, are major factors in metronidazole resistance (Kappa = 0.44). No mutations were found at positions 926-928 of the 16S rRNA, suggesting alternative mechanisms in tetracycline-resistant strains.
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