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Figueroa, E., (2023). Identificación de huellas de selección en Plasmodium falciparum de la Amazonía peruana [Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13593
Figueroa, E., Identificación de huellas de selección en Plasmodium falciparum de la Amazonía peruana []. PE: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13593
@mastersthesis{renati/910762,
title = "Identificación de huellas de selección en Plasmodium falciparum de la Amazonía peruana",
author = "Figueroa Ildefonso, Erick Gianpierre",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia",
year = "2023"
}
Title: Identificación de huellas de selección en Plasmodium falciparum de la Amazonía peruana
Authors(s): Figueroa Ildefonso, Erick Gianpierre
Advisor(s): Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia Baziliza; Valdivia Rodriguez, Hugo Oswaldo
OCDE field: http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03; http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06; http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.07
Issue Date: 2023
Institution: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Abstract: Plasmodium falciparum en la Amazonía de Perú se ha descrito en años recientes como una población clonal, presentándose en casos de infecciones monoclonales, y que los parásitos que actualmente circulan serían producto de un reemplazo clonal. Adicionalmente, la frecuencia de los parásitos portadores de la deleción de los genes pfhrp2 y pfhrp3 ha aumentado, predominando en la población de P. falciparum. Por otro lado, no se conoce que factores genéticos podrían subyacer a la persistencia de las infecciones por P. falciparum y al incremento en el tiempo de los parásitos con la deleción de los genes pfhrp2/3. Por ello, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue identificar regiones genómicas de P. falciparum que muestren evidencia de selección positiva reciente para esta especie; y de manera específica, en el grupo de parásitos con la deleción de los genes pfhrp2 y pfhrp3. En ese sentido, se ha caracterizado una muestra de 172 parásitos colectadas entre 2013 – 2017, estimándose la frecuencia de la deleción de los genes pfhrp2 y pfhrp3. Es así que la deleción de pfhrp2 ocurre en 76.7% de las muestras, la de pfhrp3 en 63.4%, y la doble deleción en 61.6%. Posteriormente, se analizaron los datos de genoma completo de 100 muestras colectadas entre 2006 – 2018 con un máximo de 25% de datos faltantes. Se incluyeron 41 de 54 genomas secuenciados de las muestras procesadas para el perfil pfhrp2/3, junto con 59 genomas secuenciadas por colaboradores. A partir de la caracterización de la estructura poblacional de los 100 genomas de P. falciparum, se observó la agrupación en base al periodo en el que fueron colectadas y que las muestras del periodo de colecta más recientes (Periodo 2: 2012 – 2018) se agrupaban en base a la presencia del gen pfhrp2. Asimismo, se identificó que las muestras del Periodo 2 serían producto de una expansión clonal posterior a un probable cuello de botella causado por las intervenciones del programa PAMAFRO. En los parásitos del Periodo 2 se identificaron regiones candidatas a estar bajo selección en loci con genes de la familia var, codificantes para proteínas que interactúan con el sistema inmunitario del hospedero; que indicarían que la especie P. falciparum podría persistir por la evasión de sistema inmunitario. Por otro lado, no se identificó evidencia de selección en los cromosomas 8 y 13, en la región cercana a las deleciones de pfhrp2 y pfhrp3, respectivamente. Pero, en los parásitos con la deleción pfhrp2/3, se identificaron loci candidatos a estar bajo selección reciente. Entre los genes que se identificaron, se incluyen AP2-G y FP2A, el primero codificante de un factor de transcripción que desencadena la diferenciación a las etapas sexuales del parásito para su transmisión, y el segundo codifica una proteína involucrada en la digestión de hemoglobina y ha sido reportado como candidato a conferir resistencia a la artemisinina a partir de estudios in vitro y ex vivo. Los hallazgos del presente trabajo complementan los reportes previos sobre el cambio en el tiempo en la población de P. falciparum en la Amazonía peruana, y brinda indicios de los mecanismos biológicos que explican la permanencia del parásito y de forma específica del incremento del grupo de parásitos con la deleción de pfhrp2/3, resultados que pueden ser de relevancia en las estrategias de vigilancia molecular de la especie.
Plasmodium falciparum in the Amazon of Peru has been described in recent years as a clonal population, presenting in cases of monoclonal infections, and that the parasites would be the product of a clonal replacement. In addition, the frequency of parasites carrying the deletion of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes has increased, predominating in the P. falciparum population. On the other hand, it is not known what genetic factors could underlie the persistence of P. falciparum infections and the increase over time of the parasites with the deletion of the pfhrp2/3 genes. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to identify genomic regions of P. falciparum that show evidence of recent positive selection for this species; and specifically, in the group of parasites with the deletion of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. In this sense, a sample of 172 parasites collected between 2013 - 2017 has been characterized, estimating the frequency of deletion of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. Thus, the deletion of pfhrp2 occurs in 76.7% of the samples, that of pfhrp3 in 63.4%, and the double deletion in 61.6%. Subsequently, the whole genome data of 100 samples collected between 2006 – 2018 with a maximum of 25% missing data were analyzed. Forty-one of 54 sequenced genomes from samples processed for the pfhrp2/3 profile were included, along with 59 collaborator-sequenced genomes. From the characterization of the population structure of the 100 P. falciparum genomes, the grouping was observed based on the period in which they were collected and that the samples from the most recent collection period (Period 2: 2012 - 2018) were grouped based on the presence of the pfhrp2 gene. Likewise, it was identified that the samples from Period 2 would be the product of a clonal expansion after a probable bottleneck caused by the interventions of the PAMAFRO program. In Period 2 parasites, candidate regions to be under selection were identified in loci with protein-coding genes of the var family, which would indicate that the species P. falciparum could persist by evading the immune system. On the other hand, no evidence of selection was identified on chromosomes 8 and 13, in the region close to pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions, respectively. But, in parasites with the pfhrp2/3 deletion, loci candidates for recent selection were identified. The genes that were identified were AP2-G and FP2A, the first encoding a transcription factor that triggers the differentiation to the sexual stages of the parasite for its transmission, and the second encoding a protein involved in the digestion of hemoglobin and has been reported as a candidate to confer resistance to artemisinin from in vitro and ex vivo studies. The findings of the present work complement previous reports on the change over time in the population of P. falciparum in the Peruvian Amazon, and provide indications of the biological mechanisms that explain the permanence of the parasite and specifically the increase in the group of parasites. with the deletion of pfhrp2/3, results that may be relevant in the molecular surveillance strategies of the species.
Plasmodium falciparum in the Amazon of Peru has been described in recent years as a clonal population, presenting in cases of monoclonal infections, and that the parasites would be the product of a clonal replacement. In addition, the frequency of parasites carrying the deletion of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes has increased, predominating in the P. falciparum population. On the other hand, it is not known what genetic factors could underlie the persistence of P. falciparum infections and the increase over time of the parasites with the deletion of the pfhrp2/3 genes. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to identify genomic regions of P. falciparum that show evidence of recent positive selection for this species; and specifically, in the group of parasites with the deletion of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. In this sense, a sample of 172 parasites collected between 2013 - 2017 has been characterized, estimating the frequency of deletion of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. Thus, the deletion of pfhrp2 occurs in 76.7% of the samples, that of pfhrp3 in 63.4%, and the double deletion in 61.6%. Subsequently, the whole genome data of 100 samples collected between 2006 – 2018 with a maximum of 25% missing data were analyzed. Forty-one of 54 sequenced genomes from samples processed for the pfhrp2/3 profile were included, along with 59 collaborator-sequenced genomes. From the characterization of the population structure of the 100 P. falciparum genomes, the grouping was observed based on the period in which they were collected and that the samples from the most recent collection period (Period 2: 2012 - 2018) were grouped based on the presence of the pfhrp2 gene. Likewise, it was identified that the samples from Period 2 would be the product of a clonal expansion after a probable bottleneck caused by the interventions of the PAMAFRO program. In Period 2 parasites, candidate regions to be under selection were identified in loci with protein-coding genes of the var family, which would indicate that the species P. falciparum could persist by evading the immune system. On the other hand, no evidence of selection was identified on chromosomes 8 and 13, in the region close to pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions, respectively. But, in parasites with the pfhrp2/3 deletion, loci candidates for recent selection were identified. The genes that were identified were AP2-G and FP2A, the first encoding a transcription factor that triggers the differentiation to the sexual stages of the parasite for its transmission, and the second encoding a protein involved in the digestion of hemoglobin and has been reported as a candidate to confer resistance to artemisinin from in vitro and ex vivo studies. The findings of the present work complement previous reports on the change over time in the population of P. falciparum in the Peruvian Amazon, and provide indications of the biological mechanisms that explain the permanence of the parasite and specifically the increase in the group of parasites. with the deletion of pfhrp2/3, results that may be relevant in the molecular surveillance strategies of the species.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13593
Discipline: Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Escuela de Posgrado Víctor Alzamora Castro
Grade or title: Maestro en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Juror: Clark Leza, Daniel; Barreto Gaviria, Teresa Victoria; Rodríguez Bailón, Jorge Enrique
Register date: 9-Jun-2023
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License