Citas bibligráficas
Salvatierra, G., (2022). Epidemiología molecular de enteropatógenos en microbiomas de humanos, aves y aguas residuales [Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13320
Salvatierra, G., Epidemiología molecular de enteropatógenos en microbiomas de humanos, aves y aguas residuales []. PE: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13320
@phdthesis{renati/910657,
title = "Epidemiología molecular de enteropatógenos en microbiomas de humanos, aves y aguas residuales",
author = "Salvatierra Rodriguez, Guillermo Santos",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia",
year = "2022"
}
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the greatest threats to public health worldwide. It is a problem that affects human health and is related to animal and environmental health. In this study, we describe the role of animals and the environment in the emergence of resistance and as a route of transmission of resistant Enterobacteriaceae to humans, using whole-genome sequencing and platforms for bioinformatics analysis. In the first chapter, we describe how the poorly regulated use of antibiotics in animal production can increase the emergence of AMR. We compared to chicken and human Escherichia coli with different levels of exposure to chicken meat in a community on the southern outskirts of Lima, Peru. 315 E. coli isolates were obtained from humans (n=150) and chickens (n=165), with chickens showing higher rates of multi-antibiotic resistant phenotypes. Whole-genome sequencing of 118 isolates identified shared phylogroups between the human and animal populations and 604 resistance gene hits, including the mcr-1, blaCTX-M-55, and blaKPC-3 genes. Our findings suggest that E. coli isolates from market chickens are a potential source of resistance that can be transmitted to humans. In the second chapter, wastewater samples were taken in the hospital and non-hospital environments in Lima and Iquitos. 388 enterobacteria were obtained from wastewater in Lima (n=241) and Iquitos (n=147). High levels of resistance were found in isolates from hospital sources. However, high levels were also found in isolates from non-hospital environments. A total of 66 isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Essential resistance genes such as blaKPC-1, blaCTXM-55 and mcr-1 were identified in Enterobacteriaceae from both inpatient and hospital environments. The phylogenetic analysis showed clusters between hospital and non-hospital sources. Our results suggest a potential contribution of intrahospital water sources in terms of disseminating resistant bacteria or resistance genes to non-hospital environments.
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