Citas bibligráficas
Morales, J., (2023). Síntesis electroquímica de ferratos y su aplicación en la remediación de aguas contaminadas con hidrocarburos de petróleo [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/27354
Morales, J., Síntesis electroquímica de ferratos y su aplicación en la remediación de aguas contaminadas con hidrocarburos de petróleo [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/27354
@mastersthesis{renati/713074,
title = "Síntesis electroquímica de ferratos y su aplicación en la remediación de aguas contaminadas con hidrocarburos de petróleo",
author = "Morales Ramos, José Luis Antonio",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2023"
}
Water resources are vital for the survival of all kinds of life that inhabits our planet, despite this, humanity is still not so aware of it: UNESCO figures indicate that 80% of all residual and municipal water that we generate end up in the environment, seriously contaminating these resources. In Peru, water pollution is a serious problem, the dumping of tailings and oil spills occur more and more frequently, polluting rivers, lagoons and seas, all this problem is aggravated by the inaction of the authorities and the non-existence of mechanisms technological response to these events. For this reason, it is of great importance to protect our water resources and of the utmost urgency to recover the impacted places, considering that in our country there are no truly effective remediation mechanisms for cleaning and recovering contaminated water. In the present work, an alternative for the remediation of water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is proposed, specifically focused on the elimination of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), highly toxic and dangerous aromatic hydrocarbons due to their high aquatic mobility and their great capacity for form emulsions in aquatic environments. The alternative that is presented consists in the use of a powerful oxidizing agent, harmless to the environment, the ferrate ion FeO4-2: Fe (VI). This oxidant was electrochemically synthesized using welding steel (AL) as the working electrode. This steel was selected from a group of industrial steel materials of different natures for presenting the highest electrochemical activity. This electrochemical activity was determined from the measurement of the current density of the ferrate reduction cathodic peak, associated with the amount of ferrate ions produced and the calculation of the activation energy in the transpassivation region, associated with the degree of ease. with which the ion migration process is carried out, which greatly favors the synthesis of ferrates. The presence and concentration of important intermediates on the synthesis surface such as goethite and magnetite, as well as the carbon and silicon content present in the bulk and in the passivation layer of the weld steel (AL), supported the high electrochemical activity found. Once the welding steel was selected as the working electrode, the variables of current density and concentration of the alkaline medium were optimized, which allowed obtaining a maximum current efficiency of 40%. The electrolysis time with which the maximum concentration of ferrates was obtained was measured, this time was applied for the in situ synthesis of ferrates for immediate dosing on water samples contaminated with benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). During the application of ferrates in situ for the removal of BTX aromatics, 5 dosage levels of the oxidant Fe (VI)/ Contaminant (BTX) were evaluated. 99% of benzene, toluene and xylene were removed using the Fe Oxidant (VI) / Contaminant (BTX) dosage level of 30 in a maximum time of 60 min. Likewise, the maximum removal of 99% of Xylene and 95% of toluene was achieved in a basic buffer (NaHCO3 and NaOH) of pH 10 at 40 and 50 minutes of reaction, respectively. Despite being a second-order kinetic, the high correlations show that this remediation process satisfies a pseudo-first-order kinetic where Fe (VI) acts as a catalyst. Finally, the percentages of aquatic mobility for benzene, toluene and xylene were measured, which were 22.6%, 18.3% and 9% respectively.
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