Citas bibligráficas
Canchari, S., (2022). Preparación de catalizadores basados en óxidos mixtos de Ni-Ga másicos y soportados sobre γ-AI2O3 para la aplicación en la deshidrogenación oxidativa de etano [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/26995
Canchari, S., Preparación de catalizadores basados en óxidos mixtos de Ni-Ga másicos y soportados sobre γ-AI2O3 para la aplicación en la deshidrogenación oxidativa de etano [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/26995
@mastersthesis{renati/712933,
title = "Preparación de catalizadores basados en óxidos mixtos de Ni-Ga másicos y soportados sobre γ-AI2O3 para la aplicación en la deshidrogenación oxidativa de etano",
author = "Canchari Chacón, Silvia Mónica",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2022"
}
In this thesis work, the preparation and characterization of mixed oxides based on Ni-Ga-a (a = Ga / Ni + Ga: 0.06-0.10), mass and supported on y-AhO3, as potential catalyst materials for the obtaining of ethylene through the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) process of ethane, is reported. The mass and supported oxides on y-AhO3 were prepared by the co- precipitation and impregnation (excess volume) methods, respectively. The mass catalysts were divided into two groups, according to the precipitation agent used (NaOH and NH4OH), in order to evaluate its influence on the surface area. Similarly, the supported catalysts were divided into two series, depending on the variation in the concentration of the promoting agent (Gallium). In the first series, the variation of the metallic charge in a range of 5-20% was allowed, but keeping the promoter concentration fixed at 10%, in order to evaluate the metal-support effect; In the second series, a metal load of 20% was established as a fixed parameter and the concentration of the promoter was varied in a range of (4-10%), in order to evaluate its effect. The catalysts were characterized by N2 sorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser raman spectroscopy (LRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), programmed temperature reduction (TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), UV-Vis Diffuse reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The N2 sorption analysis showed that, while the addition of small Ga charges to the unsupported NiO matrix increased in the BET surface area in the supported catalysts the area obtained is less than that of the isolated support, attributing to the deposition of the catalyst in the support pores. This was consistent with the decrease in crystallite size in the NiO phase of the supported catalysts, studied by XRD. In addition, the XRD analysis made it possible to determine the predominant presence of NiO phases with a bunsenite structure, both in the mass and supported catalysts. As the crystallite size decreased in the mass catalysts, the lattice parameter showed a slight increase, due to a possible distortion of the NiO lattice (Ni+2 0.72Á) when gallium (Ga+3 0.62 Á) is added. This information was confirmed with the Ni-Ga-O interaction analyzed with the Raman spectra and by the possible transitions observed in DRS analysis. The TPR analysis of the mixed, massive and supported catalysts, compared to the simple oxides, revealed the formation of species more difficult to reduce due to the addition of the promoter (Gallium) and/or the metal-support interaction. Likewise, according to the UV-DRS analysis, an increase in energy was evidenced in the mass catalysts, with respect to the NiO sample, due to the d-d transitions of the Ni2+, metal-ligand, which corresponds to nickel with octahedral coordination. observed the presence of absorption peaks corresponding to tetrahedral Ni2+ ions, which was confirmed with the H2 consumption graphs in the TPR profiles. To evaluate the behavior of the catalysts in the ODH of ethane, tests were carried out in a fixed bed reactor, for a constant contact time (0.48 g.s mL-1), with a total flow of 50 mL min-1, and ranges of temperature from 250 to 450 °C and 300 to 450 °C for the mass and supported species, respectively. A selectivity to ethylene of 84% was found for the supported catalysts, while in the mass catalysts it was 45%; this difference in selectivities was attributed to the greater presence of nucleophilic oxygens with respect to electrophilic ones, on the surface of the supports, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
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