Citas bibligráficas
Madalengoitia, K., (2023). Mejora de la penetración de los taninos de la tara en el cuero para disminuir la carga contaminante en los efluentes de curtido [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/26879
Madalengoitia, K., Mejora de la penetración de los taninos de la tara en el cuero para disminuir la carga contaminante en los efluentes de curtido [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/26879
@misc{renati/712848,
title = "Mejora de la penetración de los taninos de la tara en el cuero para disminuir la carga contaminante en los efluentes de curtido",
author = "Madalengoitia Alayo, Karina Alejandra",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2023"
}
Currently, the vast majority of tanneries use chrome as the main tanning agent due to its good properties, and also because the products obtained through this type of tanning are of good quality, complying with the parameters established for each item; however, they do not take into account the great disadvantages and the repercussion that the use of chromium can bring, both environmental consequences and the health of humans and animals. Vegetable tanning is proposed as a friendlier alternative, having fewer consequences and not being harmful to human health, although it does not provide the same properties as chrome, but it has great advantages and can be used for various. This investigation studies the influence of the variation in the particle sizes of tara powder as a tanning agent, both on the physical mechanical properties of the crust leather obtained, and on the contaminant load of the final tanning baths. In the experimental tests it was determined that the imported tara has a smaller average particle diameter (0,16 mm), unlike the national tara (0,26 mm); also when comparing the values of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the final tanning baths of these types of tara by means of the box graphs, the median of the values of the imported tara turns out to be significantly lower than that of the national one, which shows that when using imported tara as a tanning agent, lower COD values are obtained. On the other hand, for tanning with national tara at different particle sizes (Tp): Tp>150pm, 75pm<Tp<150pm and Tp<75pm; through the ANOVA statistical analysis, it was obtained that there is no significant difference in relation to the decrease in the COD of the final tanning baths or in the improvement of the properties of tensile strength, elongation percentage and shrinkage temperature. However, a significant improvement in the tear resistance of the leather was obtained at a smaller particle size (Tp< 75pm). In addition, the infrared spectra of the imported tara, national tara and white powder obtained from the lower sieve after sieving the imported tara were analyzed, where it is attributed that the imported tara presents an additional compound that is possibly a derivative of a sulfonic amino naphthalene or similar. Finally, a technical-economic study was carried out to determine the investment and profitability involved in the production of crust leathers tanned with national tara (particle size: Tp< 75pm). It was projected that this plant processes 300 bovine hides per month, obtaining an approximate of 176 400,00 ft2 of natural crust leather per year. Likewise, the repayment period (between 3 and 4 years) was calculated, and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was 24,70%; therefore, being greater than the values between 15 and 20%, which is the recommended range, it is determined that the project is profitable.
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