Citas bibligráficas
Canelo, C., (2021). Redes neuronales artificiales y máquina con soporte vectorial para clasificar a los solicitantes de microcrédito [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22825
Canelo, C., Redes neuronales artificiales y máquina con soporte vectorial para clasificar a los solicitantes de microcrédito [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22825
@phdthesis{renati/712191,
title = "Redes neuronales artificiales y máquina con soporte vectorial para clasificar a los solicitantes de microcrédito",
author = "Canelo Sotelo, César Aldo",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2021"
}
Credit institutions constantly face the problem of controlling the credit risk to which they are exposed when developing their credit operations, in this sense, they have always required to rely on predictive models that help them make the right decisions for the acceptance or rejection of a loan. credit request. The predictive models that financial institutions use to rate loan applicants are the well-known classical models based on statistical techniques and models based on machine learning techniques. In this research, in order to classify microcredit applicants and contribute to improving credit risk management, we work with the Database of a Municipal Savings and Credit Fund (CMAC) that contains 15,569 records, each one with 27 variables, where the first 26 variables are the customer's data, and the last one is the credit acceptance or rejection variable (V27). When studying the Database, it was determined that the variable Days of arrears of the last installment paid (V8) has the highest correlation (0.78) with Acceptance or rejection of credit, and after a more detailed study of the Base of data, it was discovered that those who were days late in the last installment greater than 30 days became rejected customers and those who did not, accepted, for this reason, tests using machine learning techniques are made with the Database which, in some cases, includes this variable and in other cases they exclude it. First, Backpropagation Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are used to predict the credit behavior of borrowers before a microfinance institution. Second, Self-Organizing-Maps Networks (RNA-SOM) are used to group borrowers into clusters, and study which variables have influenced the formation of the clusters; and, thirdly, the Vector Supported Machines (MSV) are used to separate the records from the Database. With RNA Backpropagation, tests were carried out with various network architectures, and it was determined that with a 4-layer network with 14, 10, 8 and 1 neurons respectively, a precision of 0.97682 was obtained, which was the highest obtained in all the tests carried out. with the complete Database. Then tests have been done with the Database in which the variable V8 replaces the variable V27, and the precision obtained is lower, but it is still a good precision from the network, and finally, the database is excluded from the variable V8, obtaining a lower precision, and in this way it is verified that the variable V8 is the most realistic. With Self-Organizing-Maps Networks (RNA-SOM) of two neurons, two tests have been carried out, one with Gridtop topology and Dist metric, and another test changing to Hextop topology and Linkdist metric. The results obtained, which are supported by the statistical measures of the variables in each cluster and the correlation coefficients in the formation of the clusters, conclude that, with the change in topology and metric, there are no substantial differences in the composition of the clusters, there has only been the movement of a small group of borrowers between the clusters. With Self-Organizing-Maps Networks (RNA-SOM) of three neurons, two tests have been done, one with Gridtop topology and Dist metric, and another test changing to Hextop topology and Linkdist metric. The statistical measures of the variables in each cluster and the correlation coefficients in the formation of the clusters, allow us to conclude that, with the change in topology and metric, there are no substantial differences in the composition of the clusters, only the displacement has occurred. of a small group of borrowers among the contiguous clusters. Finally, with the Linear Core Vector Supported Machine, borrowers have been separated into two groups: accepted and rejected. Two tests have been done, one with the complete Database, and another test eliminating the variable V8. In both tests, separation has been achieved with a reduced number of support vectors at the borders, that is, an optimal separation hyperplane has been found that has resulted in the separation of two well- defined groups of clients.
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