Citas bibligráficas
Adauto, A., (2020). Detección y cuantificación de ion metálico Cd2+ en muestras de agua mediante un sensor basado en un polímero hídrido con impresión iónica (IIHP) [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22472
Adauto, A., Detección y cuantificación de ion metálico Cd2+ en muestras de agua mediante un sensor basado en un polímero hídrido con impresión iónica (IIHP) [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22472
@phdthesis{renati/711995,
title = "Detección y cuantificación de ion metálico Cd2+ en muestras de agua mediante un sensor basado en un polímero hídrido con impresión iónica (IIHP)",
author = "Adauto Ureta, Anais Elena",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2020"
}
The present thesis work aims to quantify the metal ion Cd2+ in aqueous solutions and water samples using an ionic imprinted hybrid polymer (IIHP) based sensor. Several ionic imprinted hybrid polymers (IIHPs) were synthesized by a polymerization process using Cd2+ as a template, 1-vinylimidazole (VIN) and 4-vinylpyridine (VP) as the functional monomer, (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MP) and (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (AMP) as functional organosilane, trimethylolpropane trimethyl methacrylate (TRIM) as the crosslinking agent and 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the radical initiator. For comparative purposes, their respective non ionic imprinted polymer (NIHP) was synthesized. The interaction of the Cd2+ metal ion with the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring (VP) or imidazole (VIN) and the thiol group (SH) of the MP or the amine group (NH2) of the AMP allowed the formation of the Cd2+ coordination complexes. The functional monomers were selected considering calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM- EDS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In general, the kinetic model that presented the best fit with the experimental adsorption results was the pseudo-second order model. With respect to the Cd2+ adsorption isotherms, a better fit was found with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+ was achieved at pH 7.2 in Tris-HCl medium. The relative selectivity coefficients (kʹ) of the hybrid polymers for Cd2+/Pb2+, Cd2+/Cu2+, Cd2+/Zn2+, Cd2+/Ni2+, Cd2+/Hg2+, Cd2+/Ca2+, Cd2+/Mg2+ and Cd2+/Na+ were greater than one indicating an adequate creation of specific recognition sites for Cd2+ ions as a result of the printing performed during the synthesis. In summary, it was observed throughout the adsorption study that the IIHP-VIN-MP polymer (polymer synthesized using the VIN monomer and the MP organosilane) presented more efficient results compared to the rest of the ionic imprinted hybrid polymers. Regarding the electrochemical study, a new electrochemical sensor was developed for the selective recognition and quantification of Cd2+ in water using a carbon paste electrode (EPC) modified with the IIHP-VIN-MP polymer. The quantification of Cd2+ was carried out using the differential pulse anodic separation anodic voltammetry (DPASV) technique. Also, when comparing the response signals of the EPC/IIHP-VIN-MP and EPC/NHIP-VIN-MP sensors, a clear difference in the current signal was observed due to the imprinting process of the Cd2+ ion on the IIHP-VIN-MP material. By optimizing the measurement and operational parameters of Cd2+ quantification, it was evidenced that a better response signal is obtained in 0.1 mol L-1 HCl medium with 20 mg of IIHP-VIN- MP and 80 mg of graphite powder and at a deposition potential of -1.2 V with a deposition time of 300 s. The EPC/IIHP-VIN-MP sensor showed an LD and LC of 0.10 µg L-1 and 0.34 µg L-1, respectively. Three linear ranges were reported: from 1 to 100 µg L-1 Cd2+ (r= 0.999), from 100 to 2750 µg L-1 Cd2+ (r= 0.998) and from 2750 to 5000 µg L-1 Cd2+ (r= 0.997). The interfering ions studied in this work did not show variation in the response signals of the Cd2+ ion, obtaining recovery percentage values above 90 % in the quantification of 50 µg L-1 Cd2+. The validation of the method was successfully performed for 3 types of matrices (drinking water, domestic wastewater and river water). Regarding the application of the sensor in the quantification of real samples, the results showed that this method is valid for the proposed purpose.
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