Citas bibligráficas
Rodríguez, A., (2021). Evaluación de los impactos ambientales mediante el análisis de ciclo de vida en la producción de joyería de plata en un taller artesanal de Chosica - Lima [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22395
Rodríguez, A., Evaluación de los impactos ambientales mediante el análisis de ciclo de vida en la producción de joyería de plata en un taller artesanal de Chosica - Lima [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22395
@misc{renati/711919,
title = "Evaluación de los impactos ambientales mediante el análisis de ciclo de vida en la producción de joyería de plata en un taller artesanal de Chosica - Lima",
author = "Rodríguez Astuhuamán, Alejandro Raven",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2021"
}
The present research has the purpose of evaluating the environmental impacts generated by the production of jewelry in an artisan workshop in Chosica through the environmental lite cycle analysis methodology; For this, the fallowing objectives were established: I) ldentify the processes that generate the greatest environmental impacts during the life cycle of conventional jewelry manufacturing; II) evaluate the environmental impacts during the jewelry manufacturing process through production scenarios using the “lost wax“ method and handmade jewelry; and III) propose improvements in environmental performance in jewelry production. The two types of processes are compared, according to several characteristics in common, which is similar weight and shape, because jewelry has subjective functions, according to each person. In this sense, the functional unit is a “Heart-shaped 950 sterling silver pendant of established magnitudes (length 3 cm and width 2 cm), weighing 2.7 g. and a durability of 20 years“; however, the calculated consumption measurements will be made based on 370 pendant units, which is equivalent to 1 Kg of jewelry. In this sense, the unit used will be “unit / kg. The system boundaries encompass most stages of the lite cycle, including recycling and final disposal; however, it does not understand the retail and usage stage, because the production shop has no influence on that stage. The equipment and technical processes used for the manufacture of jewelry in both processes represent the technology currently used by the workshop and its suppliers, as well as the production process of the majority of artisanal jewelry workshops in the country. The production workshop is the main provider of databases used in the modeling of the product system carried out. However, generic databases have also been used for primary processes and some processes where no database was found by the suppliers. The results show that the “Handmade“ process has the lowest environmental impacts in 13 impact categories, while the “Lost wax' process has the lowest environmental impacts in 5 impact categories; However, the Monte Carlo Analysis was performed to evaluate the uncertainties of the data and it was observed that none of the impact categories show statistically significant differences in the impact values (95% of the probability range overlaps). Therefore, both production processes do not show significant differences in their environmental impacts. The main contributor to environmental impacts in both processes is the consumption of virgin silver, belonging to the raw material stage. The contribution of this material to the total lite cycle impacts far both processes is greater than 80% in all categories of environmental impact. The other stages are not significant; however, the other important contributors are the consumption of bronze, the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas and the generation of hazardous waste. A series of assumptions had to be made to be able to model the product system, such as the consideration of inputs that exceed 5% of the total mass of inputs, exclusion of losses in production processes or the exclusion of emissions during production. However, none were found to be of relevance to our stated conclusions. The score obtained in the impact categories is more sensitive to the data uncertainty of the amount of silver used and recovered; and the differences in both processes remain without a significant difference when we change the use of virgin silver far recycled silver. Finally, the results show that the use of recycled silver reduces impacts by more than 80% in 13 environmental impact categories, more than 40% in 4 environmental impact categories, with only the marine eutrophication category being the only one that is greater; due to the use of nitric acid. For this reason, silver recycling should be considered in compliance with existing environmental regulations; and considering the use of technology that prevents the emission of pollutants to water and air.
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