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Maldonado, L., (2018). Evaluación de la eficiencia de humedales artificiales en la remoción de nitrógeno [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/17029
Maldonado, L., Evaluación de la eficiencia de humedales artificiales en la remoción de nitrógeno [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/17029
@misc{renati/709830,
title = "Evaluación de la eficiencia de humedales artificiales en la remoción de nitrógeno",
author = "Maldonado Cueva, Luis Alberto",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2018"
}
Título: Evaluación de la eficiencia de humedales artificiales en la remoción de nitrógeno
Autor(es): Maldonado Cueva, Luis Alberto
Asesor(es): Rosasco Gerkes, Otto Bruno
Palabras clave: Humedales artificiales; Agua residual
Fecha de publicación: 2018
Institución: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Resumen: El objetivo de la presente tesis de investigación fue evaluar los mecanismos de los humedales artificiales para remover Nitrógeno del agua residual doméstica. La evaluación consistió en comparar cómo varía la capacidad de un humedal para remover nitrógeno al variar dos condiciones: 1) antigüedad del humedal, y 2) oxigenación del humedal.
Con este propósito, se construyeron 03 humedales en paralelo, de dimensiones L=2.00m, a=0.5m y h=0.5m, estos fueron: un humedal convencional recién construido usado como BLANCO (H_2), un humedal convencional en funcionamiento con 01 año de antigüedad (H_1), y un humedal convencional recién construido al que se le instaló un sistema de aireación intermitente (H_3). Los 03 tuvieron la siguiente composición: zonas de entrada y salida de grava canto rodado de 3” y zona de tratamiento de grava canto rodado de 2”. La macrófita utilizada fue el Junco (Thypa spp). El Tiempo de Retención Hidráulico fue de 24 horas aproximadamente. El caudal del afluente fue de 104 ml/min para cada uno y este se captó a la salida del reactor UASB de CITRAR.
Los parámetros evaluados fueron: turbiedad, temperatura, pH, humedad relativa, temperatura ambiente, conductividad, nitrógeno total, nitrógeno amoniacal, nitritos, nitratos, fósforo total, DQO, OD y sólidos.
En la primera evaluación, se comparó la capacidad para remover nitrógeno de un humedal antiguo (H_1) respecto a uno nuevo (H_2). Para este caso, el periodo de arranque tuvo una duración de 06 semanas (de la semana 05 a la semana 10), mientras que la fase experimental tuvo una duración de 24 Semanas. En la fase experimental se distinguen 02 sub-fases, la primera sub-fase comprende desde la semana 11 a la semana 17, y la segunda sub-fase comprende desde la semana 18 hasta la semana 34. Durante la primera sub-fase, la cual corresponde a la fase en la cual se comparó el humedal antiguo con el nuevo, se encontró un valor promedio de Nitrógeno Total de 69 mg/l en el afluente, mientras que en el efluente de H_1 fue de 56 mg/l y en H_2 fue de 63 mg/l. Asimismo, el valor promedio del Nitrógeno Amoniacal en el afluente fue de 54 mg/l, mientras que en el efluente de H_1 fue de 47 mg/l, y en H_2 fue de 53 mg/l. Se concluyó que H_1 tiene mayor capacidad de remover Nitrógeno que H_2 debido a que las raíces de los juncos de H_1 son más gruesas y permiten una mayor oxigenación del agua residual.
En la segunda evaluación, se comparó la capacidad de remover nitrógeno de un humedal con aireación intermitente (H_3) respecto a uno convencional (H_2). Para este caso, el periodo de arranque o puesta en marcha tuvo 03 fases. En la primera fase (de la semana 05 hasta la semana 10) se utilizó un periodo de aireación de 6 horas ON y 6 horas OFF, en la segunda fase (de la semana 11 hasta la semana 16) se utilizó un periodo de aireación de 3 horas ON y 3 horas OFF, y en la tercera fase (de la semana 17 hasta la semana 22) se utilizó un periodo de aireación de 2 horas ON y 4 horas OFF. Cada fase tuvo una duración de 06 semanas, resultando un periodo de arranque total de 18 semanas. La máxima eficiencia de remoción de Nitrógeno se produjo en la fase 3. Asimismo, la fase experimental tuvo una duración de 12 Semanas (de la semana 23 a la semana 34), donde se encontró un valor promedio de Nitrógeno Total de 44 mg/l en el afluente, mientras que en el efluente de H_2 fue de 37 mg/l y en H_3 fue de 24 mg/l. Asimismo, el valor promedio del Nitrógeno Amoniacal en el afluente fue de 38 mg/l, mientras que en el efluente de H_2 fue de 32 mg/l, y en H_3 fue de 4 mg/l. Se concluyó que la eficiencia de H_3 para remover Nitrógeno es mucho mayor a la de H_2, debido a que se mejoró el proceso de Nitrificación y Desnitrificación en H_3 debido a la aireación intermitente.
El estudio se realizó por un periodo total de 38 semanas, de las cuales las 04 primeras semanas corresponden al periodo de construcción e instalación de los humedales, las siguientes 18 semanas corresponden al periodo de puesta en marcha y elección de los ciclos de aireación y no aireación del H_3, las subsecuentes12 semanas corresponden a la etapa experimental y de recopilación de datos, y las últimas 04 semanas corresponden al periodo de cierre del proyecto.
The objective of this research thesis was to evaluate the mechanisms of artificial wetlands to remove Nitrogen from domestic wastewater. The evaluation consisted of comparing how the capacity of a wetland to remove nitrogen varies when two conditions vary: 1) Wetland’s age, and 2) Wetland’s Oxygenation. For this purpose, 03 wetlands were built in parallel, of dimensions L = 2.00m, a = 0.5m, and h= 0.5m, these were: a new conventional wetland used as BLANK (H2), a conventional wetland that has been operating 01 year ago (H1), and a new conventional wetland with an intermittent aeration system (H3). These three wetlands had the following composition: entry and exit areas of 3 inches boulder and treatment area of 2 inches boulder gravel. The macrophyte used was the Junco (Thypa spp). The Hydraulic Retention Time was approximately 24 hours. The affluent flow was 104 ml / min for each one and this was captured at the exit of the CITRAR UASB reactor. Parameters evaluated were: Turbidity, Temperature, pH, Relative humidity, Ambient temperature, conductivity, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, total phosphorus, COD, OD and solids. In the first evaluation, ability to remove nitrogen from an old wetland (H1) regarding a new one (H2) was compared. For this case, the start-up period lasted for 06 weeks (since 5th week until 10th week), while the experimental phase lasted 24 weeks. In the experimental phase, 02 sub-phases are distinguished, the first sub-phase comprises since 11th week until17th week, and the second sub-phase comprises since 18th week until 34 th week. During the first sub-phase, which corresponds to the phase in which the old wetland was compared with the new one, it was found an average value of Total Nitrogen of 69 mg/l in the affluent, while in the effluent of H1 was 56 mg/l and in H2 it was 63 mg/l. Likewise, the average value of the Ammonia Nitrogen in the affluent was 54 mg/l, while in the effluent of H1 it was 47 mg/ l, and in H2 it was 53 mg/l. It was concluded that H1 has greater capacity to remove Nitrogen than H2 because the roots of reeds of H1 are thicker and allow a greater oxygenation of the wastewater. In the second evaluation, it was compared the ability to remove nitrogen from a wetland with intermittent aeration (H3) respect to a conventional wetland (H2). In this case, the start- period had 3 phases. In the first phase (since 5th week until 10th week) it was used an aeration period of 6 hours ON and 6 hours OFF, in the second phase (since 11th week until 16th week) was used an aeration period of 3 hours ON and 3 hours OFF, and in the third phase (since 17th week until 22th week) it was used an aeration period of 2 hours ON and 4 hours OFF. Each phase lasted for 6 weeks, resulting in a total starting period of 18 weeks. The highest efficiency of Nitrogen removal occurred in phase 3. Likewise, the experimental phase lasted 12 Weeks (since 23th week until 34th week), where an average Total Nitrogen value of 44 mg/l was found in the affluent, while in the effluent of H2 it was 37 mg/l and in H3 it was 24 mg/l. Also, the average value of Ammonia Nitrogen in the affluent was 38 mg/l, while in the effluent of H2 it was 32 mg/l, and in H3 it was 4 mg/l. It was concluded that the efficiency of H3 to remove Nitrogen is higher than H2, due to the improvement of the Nitrification and Denitrification process in H3 with the intermittent aeration. The study was carried out for a total period of 38 weeks, of which the first 04 weeks correspond to the period of construction and installation of the wetlands, the following 18 weeks correspond to the start-up period and election of the aeration and no-aeration cycles of H3, the next 12 weeks correspond to the experimental phase and data collection stage, and the last 04 weeks correspond to the project closing period.
The objective of this research thesis was to evaluate the mechanisms of artificial wetlands to remove Nitrogen from domestic wastewater. The evaluation consisted of comparing how the capacity of a wetland to remove nitrogen varies when two conditions vary: 1) Wetland’s age, and 2) Wetland’s Oxygenation. For this purpose, 03 wetlands were built in parallel, of dimensions L = 2.00m, a = 0.5m, and h= 0.5m, these were: a new conventional wetland used as BLANK (H2), a conventional wetland that has been operating 01 year ago (H1), and a new conventional wetland with an intermittent aeration system (H3). These three wetlands had the following composition: entry and exit areas of 3 inches boulder and treatment area of 2 inches boulder gravel. The macrophyte used was the Junco (Thypa spp). The Hydraulic Retention Time was approximately 24 hours. The affluent flow was 104 ml / min for each one and this was captured at the exit of the CITRAR UASB reactor. Parameters evaluated were: Turbidity, Temperature, pH, Relative humidity, Ambient temperature, conductivity, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, total phosphorus, COD, OD and solids. In the first evaluation, ability to remove nitrogen from an old wetland (H1) regarding a new one (H2) was compared. For this case, the start-up period lasted for 06 weeks (since 5th week until 10th week), while the experimental phase lasted 24 weeks. In the experimental phase, 02 sub-phases are distinguished, the first sub-phase comprises since 11th week until17th week, and the second sub-phase comprises since 18th week until 34 th week. During the first sub-phase, which corresponds to the phase in which the old wetland was compared with the new one, it was found an average value of Total Nitrogen of 69 mg/l in the affluent, while in the effluent of H1 was 56 mg/l and in H2 it was 63 mg/l. Likewise, the average value of the Ammonia Nitrogen in the affluent was 54 mg/l, while in the effluent of H1 it was 47 mg/ l, and in H2 it was 53 mg/l. It was concluded that H1 has greater capacity to remove Nitrogen than H2 because the roots of reeds of H1 are thicker and allow a greater oxygenation of the wastewater. In the second evaluation, it was compared the ability to remove nitrogen from a wetland with intermittent aeration (H3) respect to a conventional wetland (H2). In this case, the start- period had 3 phases. In the first phase (since 5th week until 10th week) it was used an aeration period of 6 hours ON and 6 hours OFF, in the second phase (since 11th week until 16th week) was used an aeration period of 3 hours ON and 3 hours OFF, and in the third phase (since 17th week until 22th week) it was used an aeration period of 2 hours ON and 4 hours OFF. Each phase lasted for 6 weeks, resulting in a total starting period of 18 weeks. The highest efficiency of Nitrogen removal occurred in phase 3. Likewise, the experimental phase lasted 12 Weeks (since 23th week until 34th week), where an average Total Nitrogen value of 44 mg/l was found in the affluent, while in the effluent of H2 it was 37 mg/l and in H3 it was 24 mg/l. Also, the average value of Ammonia Nitrogen in the affluent was 38 mg/l, while in the effluent of H2 it was 32 mg/l, and in H3 it was 4 mg/l. It was concluded that the efficiency of H3 to remove Nitrogen is higher than H2, due to the improvement of the Nitrification and Denitrification process in H3 with the intermittent aeration. The study was carried out for a total period of 38 weeks, of which the first 04 weeks correspond to the period of construction and installation of the wetlands, the following 18 weeks correspond to the start-up period and election of the aeration and no-aeration cycles of H3, the next 12 weeks correspond to the experimental phase and data collection stage, and the last 04 weeks correspond to the project closing period.
Enlace al repositorio: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/17029
Disciplina académico-profesional: Ingeniería Sanitaria
Institución que otorga el grado o título: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental
Grado o título: Ingeniero Sanitario
Fecha de registro: 11-abr-2019
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