Citas bibligráficas
Salas, R., (2017). Enfoque sistémico aplicado al análisis cuantitativo de riesgos en proyectos de exploración petrolera [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/10035
Salas, R., Enfoque sistémico aplicado al análisis cuantitativo de riesgos en proyectos de exploración petrolera [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/10035
@misc{renati/708407,
title = "Enfoque sistémico aplicado al análisis cuantitativo de riesgos en proyectos de exploración petrolera",
author = "Salas Cordero, Rocío Guadalupe",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2017"
}
Hydrocarbons are the main source energy in our country; this is about 65% of our national consumption, according to the latest National Energy Balance, a document published by the Ministry of Energy and Mines. It is explained then its importance in the national economy, even more taking into account that our trade balance is negative, therefore, we seek to promote investments in hydrocarbon exploration in our sedimentary basins, which, according to many specialists in the sector, are still sub -exploited, from now that there will be modern infrastructure for refining and transportation. Statistics show that the investments in exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons have gone from 1.88 billion dollars in 2012 with 86 License Contracts for the Exploration and Exploitation of hydrocarbons subscribed between the Peruvian Government and Petroleum Companies to 0.33 billion dollars in 2016 with 65 contracts subscribed, of which 22 were suspended due to being in “Force Majeure“ , that means, only 43 of them were developing activities for exploration and / or exploitation of hydrocarbons. Perupetro indicates that main causes of “Force Majeure“ invoked by the petroleum companies are referred to the delay in the approval of the environmental instruments and the existence of social conflicts in the project influence area. That is, between the period 2012 and 2016, investments were down 83% and the respective contracts that support them were reduced to half. There are some international environment variables which are influenced these results, such as dropped in oil prices; however, the influence of the internal variables mentioned has played a predominant role, as has been reviewed in Chapter III. In this context, in which statistics show that in recent years both hydrocarbon investments and license contracts for exploration have reached their lowest levels, it is important to research about the risks that face exploratory projects by using a systemic and risk quantitative approach so that we can contribute to improve hydrocarbons peruvian industry. Exploration petroleum projects to be carried out require a set of requirements that make sure that the investment decision that is being taken maximizes economic benefits expected by the oil company. Considering that risk is an inherent part of hydrocarbon exploration projects because there is a high probability of losses that affect the financial indicators. Therefore, one of the main oil company challenges will be to reduce probability of losses in the exploratory projects that it undertakes. Systems Engineering has many useful tools that can help improve the current indicators of peruvian hydrocarbon industry: i) Systemic Approach, which provides mainly the ability to analyze a system as a whole, emphasizing mainly on the interrelationships arising among its constituent elements, this is relevant if it is considered that investment decisions in the hydrocarbons industry have traditionally been analyzed with a “hard systems“ approach even thought these decisions are of an economic-financial nature of the company and should be analized with “soft systems“ approach, as showed Figure 2.1 Taxonomy of Systems. There are soft components such as social, political, regulatory and environmental, for which we can use the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) proposed by P Checkland. ii) Requirements Management, which allows analyzing and managing requirements and all pertinent considerations with them in an effective and efficient manner. iii) Modeling and simulation that make it possible to abstract a part of real world and facilitate communication among project stakeholders, in order to ensure that the project achieves desired objectives, it common seen that risk analysis is an activity isolated, which does not take into account feedback, project environment, interdependence between the variables, which leads to a biased view of the main variables that impact on hydrocarbon exploratory projects. Therefore, this research proposes a model for the risks quantitative analysis in oil exploration projects at the Peruvian jungle, with a systemic approach based on the first 6 stages of Soft Systems Methodology, the guidelines of the Project Management Risk Framework® published by Project Management Institute - PMI® and the application of Corporate Finance Principles for investment decisions explained by Brealey, Myers and Allen (2006), so that we finally obtain a model that helps companies to make better decisions in risky projects with a holistic approach. Strengthening investments in the Peruvian hydrocarbon industry also depends to a large extent on energy policy decisions adopted by the Peruvian government, as are presented in the conclusions section, in order to goal a positive impact on the industry business indicators, even more nowadays that seems to improve the global hydrocarbon investment climate driven by recovery of oil international price and the presence of a risk for the industry such as the substitution of hydrocarbons for renewable energy sources.
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