Aportes de la participación social en la planificación urbana y el rol del gobierno local: experiencias en ciudades menores del Perú, período 1980-1995

Abstract

La presente tesis analiza la importancia e incidencia de la participación de los ciudadanos en la planificación de la ciudad, a través de las organizaciones sociales y la participación de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales de Desarrollo (ONGD). Se busca identificar los principales aportes de la participación social en la planificación urbana y sus resultados en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida. Esta incidencia se expresa en los cambios generados en la ciudad, principalmente en los espacios públicos y el uso del suelo urbano. Aunque no es posible concluir que solo el hecho de la participación incide en estos resultados, se evidencia que contar con la opinión y participación voluntaria de la población en procesos de planificación urbana, constituye un factor positivo sumado a otros, como son el liderazgo del gobierno local y la asistencia técnica. La tesis describe y analiza la contribución y el rol asumido por el gobierno local en los procesos de planificación urbana participativa, como líder y promotor del desarrollo local para lograr mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. En el período de estudio 1980-1995 el Perú vuelve al sistema democrático, se eligen autoridades locales, y en varios lugares del país, se desarrollan experiencias de “gestión popular”, como resultado de acuerdos entre las organizaciones sociales y los gobiernos locales. Estos gobiernos locales son conducidos por grupos de izquierda, y expresan la voluntad política de promover espacios de participación iniciando experiencias de planificación participativa. El año 1992 nace la Agenda 21 y se desarrollan procesos de asistencia técnica que incluyen metodologías participativas de planificación.

This thesis was written to analyze the importance and impact of citizen participation in planning of their city through social organizations and participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). The main objective is to identify the principal contributions of social participation in urban planning and the results in the improvement of quality of life.

These effects are expressed in the changes generated in the city, primarily in public spaces and urban land use. Even though it is not possible to conclude that participation has taken place from these results, it is evident that counting with opinion and voluntary participation of the population in urban planning constitutes a positive factor with others, like government leadership and technical assistance.

This thesis also describes and analyzes the contribution and role assumed by the local government in the cooperative urban planning processes, as leader and promoter of local development to achieve better quality of life for its inhabitants.

In the period of study (1980-1995), Peru returned to a democratic system, local authorities were elected, and many places around the country have experienced communal self-management as a result of agreements between social organizations and local governments. These governments have been conducted by left-wing political parties expressing a political drive to promote participation spaces that generate occurrences of collaborative planning. In 1992, the Agenda 21 agreement was signed and programs for the development of technical assistance that include participative planning methodologies were drafted.

This thesis was written to analyze the importance and impact of citizen participation in planning of their city through social organizations and participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). The main objective is to identify the principal contributions of social participation in urban planning and the results in the improvement of quality of life. These effects are expressed in the changes generated in the city, primarily in public spaces and urban land use. Even though it is not possible to conclude that participation has taken place from these results, it is evident that counting with opinion and voluntary participation of the population in urban planning constitutes a positive factor with others, like government leadership and technical assistance. This thesis also describes and analyzes the contribution and role assumed by the local government in the cooperative urban planning processes, as leader and promoter of local development to achieve better quality of life for its inhabitants. In the period of study (1980-1995), Peru returned to a democratic system, local authorities were elected, and many places around the country have experienced communal self-management as a result of agreements between social organizations and local governments. These governments have been conducted by left-wing political parties expressing a political drive to promote participation spaces that generate occurrences of collaborative planning. In 1992, the Agenda 21 agreement was signed and programs for the development of technical assistance that include participative planning methodologies were drafted.