Citas bibligráficas
Lopez, J., (2023). Impactos de la minería en el retroceso glaciar en La Rinconada, Cordillera Apolobamba, sur del Perú [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/26723
Lopez, J., Impactos de la minería en el retroceso glaciar en La Rinconada, Cordillera Apolobamba, sur del Perú []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/26723
@misc{renati/536007,
title = "Impactos de la minería en el retroceso glaciar en La Rinconada, Cordillera Apolobamba, sur del Perú",
author = "Lopez Tineo, Joseph Mijail",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2023"
}
Despite an increasing number of studies on the effect of climate change on Peruvian glaciers and its impact on water security, there is a knowledge gap on how mining affects these glaciers. This issue becomes even more relevant considering that Peru is a mining country, where the main current projects and numerous concessions are located in the high-Andean region. This thesis presents an approach to the impacts of mining on the Rinconada and Ananea glaciers, close to the town of La Rinconada in the Apolobamba mountain range, Puno. An annual analysis of glacier coverage from 1985 to 2022 was conducted using the Normalized Difference Snow Index. For the same period, a 5-year multitemporal analysis of non-natural coverage was applied using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. Both analyses were computed in the Google Earth Engine platform with medium spatial resolution satellite images (Landsat 5 and 8, Sentinel 2) with atmospheric correction. The results indicate that the glacier coverage of the Apolobamba mountain range decreased by about 43 % between 1985 (161.4 km²) and 2022 (92.1 km²). Likewise, the urban area increased by 1 176 % between 1990 (17 ha) and 2022 (200 ha), while the degraded area increased by 289 % between 2010 (1 774 ha) and 2022 (3 389 ha). Changes in glacier and non-glacier coverage were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient with three key socioeconomic indicators linked to mining activity, including population, production, and gold price data in the region. This analysis established a high degree of positive association between the growth of mining activity and the reduction of glacier coverage. This case and the potential impacts of mining on current and future glacier evolution highlight the urgency of developing and strengthening an environmental agenda for the protection of glaciers and headwaters in Peru considering lessons learned in the region, particularly in Argentina.
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