Bibliographic citations
This is an automatically generated citacion. Modify it if you see fit
Lopez, J., (2023). Impactos de la minería en el retroceso glaciar en La Rinconada, Cordillera Apolobamba, sur del Perú [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/26723
Lopez, J., Impactos de la minería en el retroceso glaciar en La Rinconada, Cordillera Apolobamba, sur del Perú []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/26723
@misc{renati/536007,
title = "Impactos de la minería en el retroceso glaciar en La Rinconada, Cordillera Apolobamba, sur del Perú",
author = "Lopez Tineo, Joseph Mijail",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2023"
}
Title: Impactos de la minería en el retroceso glaciar en La Rinconada, Cordillera Apolobamba, sur del Perú
Authors(s): Lopez Tineo, Joseph Mijail
Advisor(s): Drenkhan, Fabian
Keywords: Glaciares--Perú--Andes, Región; Minería--Aspectos ambientales--Perú--Andes, Región; Glaciares--Aspectos ambientales--Perú--Andes, Región; Cambio climático--Perú--Andes, Región
OCDE field: https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.08
Issue Date: 15-Dec-2023
Institution: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract: A pesar del creciente número de estudios sobre el efecto del cambio climático en
los glaciares peruanos y su impacto en la seguridad hídrica, existe una brecha de
conocimiento sobre cómo la minería afecta a los glaciares. Esta problemática
adquiere mayor relevancia considerando que el Perú es un país minero, donde
los principales proyectos actuales y numerosas concesiones se ubican en la zona
altoandina. Con esta tesis se presenta una aproximación a los impactos de la
minería en los glaciares Rinconada y Ananea, cercanos al centro poblado La
Rinconada en la Cordillera Apolobamba, Puno.
Se realizó un análisis anual de cobertura glaciar de 1985 a 2022 mediante el Índice
Normalizado de Diferencia de Nieve. Para el mismo periodo, se aplicó un análisis
multitemporal cada 5 años de la cobertura no-natural usando el algoritmo de
aprendizaje automático Random Forest. Ambos análisis fueron computados en
la plataforma Google Earth Engine con imágenes satelitales de mediana
resolución espacial (Landsat 5 y 8, Sentinel 2) con corrección atmosférica.
Los resultados indican que la cobertura glaciar de la Cordillera Apolobamba se
redujo alrededor del 43 % entre 1985 (161.4 km²) y 2022 (92.1 km²). Asimismo, el
área urbana aumentó en un 1 176 % entre 1990 (17 ha) y 2022 (200 ha), mientras
que el área degradada incrementó en un 289 % entre 2010 (1 774 ha) y 2022 (3 389
ha). Los cambios de la cobertura glaciar y no-glaciar fueron analizados mediante
el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson con tres indicadores socioeconómicos
claves ligados a la actividad minera incluyendo datos de población, producción
y precio del oro en la región. Este análisis permitió establecer un alto grado de
asociación positiva entre el crecimiento de la actividad minera y la reducción de
la cobertura glaciar. Este caso y el potencial de impactos mineros en la evolución
glaciar actual y futura resaltan la urgencia de desarrollar y fortalecer una agenda
ambiental para la protección de glaciares y cabeceras de cuenca en el Perú
considerando lecciones aprendidas en la región, en particular en Argentina.
Despite an increasing number of studies on the effect of climate change on Peruvian glaciers and its impact on water security, there is a knowledge gap on how mining affects these glaciers. This issue becomes even more relevant considering that Peru is a mining country, where the main current projects and numerous concessions are located in the high-Andean region. This thesis presents an approach to the impacts of mining on the Rinconada and Ananea glaciers, close to the town of La Rinconada in the Apolobamba mountain range, Puno. An annual analysis of glacier coverage from 1985 to 2022 was conducted using the Normalized Difference Snow Index. For the same period, a 5-year multitemporal analysis of non-natural coverage was applied using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. Both analyses were computed in the Google Earth Engine platform with medium spatial resolution satellite images (Landsat 5 and 8, Sentinel 2) with atmospheric correction. The results indicate that the glacier coverage of the Apolobamba mountain range decreased by about 43 % between 1985 (161.4 km²) and 2022 (92.1 km²). Likewise, the urban area increased by 1 176 % between 1990 (17 ha) and 2022 (200 ha), while the degraded area increased by 289 % between 2010 (1 774 ha) and 2022 (3 389 ha). Changes in glacier and non-glacier coverage were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient with three key socioeconomic indicators linked to mining activity, including population, production, and gold price data in the region. This analysis established a high degree of positive association between the growth of mining activity and the reduction of glacier coverage. This case and the potential impacts of mining on current and future glacier evolution highlight the urgency of developing and strengthening an environmental agenda for the protection of glaciers and headwaters in Peru considering lessons learned in the region, particularly in Argentina.
Despite an increasing number of studies on the effect of climate change on Peruvian glaciers and its impact on water security, there is a knowledge gap on how mining affects these glaciers. This issue becomes even more relevant considering that Peru is a mining country, where the main current projects and numerous concessions are located in the high-Andean region. This thesis presents an approach to the impacts of mining on the Rinconada and Ananea glaciers, close to the town of La Rinconada in the Apolobamba mountain range, Puno. An annual analysis of glacier coverage from 1985 to 2022 was conducted using the Normalized Difference Snow Index. For the same period, a 5-year multitemporal analysis of non-natural coverage was applied using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. Both analyses were computed in the Google Earth Engine platform with medium spatial resolution satellite images (Landsat 5 and 8, Sentinel 2) with atmospheric correction. The results indicate that the glacier coverage of the Apolobamba mountain range decreased by about 43 % between 1985 (161.4 km²) and 2022 (92.1 km²). Likewise, the urban area increased by 1 176 % between 1990 (17 ha) and 2022 (200 ha), while the degraded area increased by 289 % between 2010 (1 774 ha) and 2022 (3 389 ha). Changes in glacier and non-glacier coverage were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient with three key socioeconomic indicators linked to mining activity, including population, production, and gold price data in the region. This analysis established a high degree of positive association between the growth of mining activity and the reduction of glacier coverage. This case and the potential impacts of mining on current and future glacier evolution highlight the urgency of developing and strengthening an environmental agenda for the protection of glaciers and headwaters in Peru considering lessons learned in the region, particularly in Argentina.
Link to repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/26723
Discipline: Geografía y Medio Ambiente
Grade or title grantor: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas
Grade or title: Licenciado en Geografía y Medio Ambiente
Juror: Timana De La Flor, Martín Enrique; Drenkhan, Fabian; González Hunt, Fernando Luis
Register date: 15-Dec-2023
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License