Citas bibligráficas
Alvarado, L., Cárdenas, G., Joy, C., Sotomayor, D. (2021). Gestión de los fosfatos y del guano y su contribución a la economía nacional del Perú durante el periodo 2010 – 2019 [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20031
Alvarado, L., Cárdenas, G., Joy, C., Sotomayor, D. Gestión de los fosfatos y del guano y su contribución a la economía nacional del Perú durante el periodo 2010 – 2019 []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20031
@mastersthesis{renati/532724,
title = "Gestión de los fosfatos y del guano y su contribución a la economía nacional del Perú durante el periodo 2010 – 2019",
author = "Sotomayor Flores, Daviña Guadalupe",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2021"
}
Peru is a country with large natural resource reserves, as it is the case of phosphates and guano, which are produced in different geographical contexts, since phosphates are extracted from mines in the north of the country; while guano is extracted from a set of 22 islands and 11 points, mainly located in the Ica region. The purpose of this research was to know the current situation of the management of phosphates and guano in Peru, as well as to describe its contribution to national economy during the 2010 – 2019 period, to achieve this, indicators were defined that support each study variable. A descriptive study was designed, with a focus quali-quantitative, for which statistics published by different entities such as the Ministry of Energy and Mines, the Ministry of Agricultural Development and Irrigation, Osinergmin, and the Superintendence of Tax Administration, among others; which were combined with information collected through in-depth interviews with experts in the management of these resources, conducted with a guide of semi-structured questions. The data was analyzed by combining the statistical series with the qualitative information, among the most relevant results it is worth highlighting that the management of phosphates is in charge of the MINEM, which controls the concessions granted to private companies; while the management of guano is done by Agro Rural, an entity of the Minagri. In both cases, the maximum possible is extracted, which is limited in the case of phosphate by investment and in the case of guano by the population of guano birds and the protection of the ecosystem. The phosphates are almost entirely destined for export, while the guano is distributed to five segments, which includes the foreign market, but giving priority to the small Peruvian farmer. The direct impact of phosphate on the national economy is limited to income tax, the right of force and the mining canon; while the activity related to guano extraction is not subject to tax payment.
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