Citas bibligráficas
Heredia, J., (2017). Estrategias comunicativas –con enfoque crítico–, utilizadas por las rondas campesinas de El Tambo – Bambamarca, durante el conflicto contra el proyecto minero Conga. Años 2011 - 2013 [Tesis, Universidad Privada del Norte]. https://hdl.handle.net/11537/11347
Heredia, J., Estrategias comunicativas –con enfoque crítico–, utilizadas por las rondas campesinas de El Tambo – Bambamarca, durante el conflicto contra el proyecto minero Conga. Años 2011 - 2013 [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Privada del Norte; 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11537/11347
@misc{renati/523311,
title = "Estrategias comunicativas –con enfoque crítico–, utilizadas por las rondas campesinas de El Tambo – Bambamarca, durante el conflicto contra el proyecto minero Conga. Años 2011 - 2013",
author = "Heredia Pérez, José Rudórico",
publisher = "Universidad Privada del Norte",
year = "2017"
}
ABSTRACT In Communicative Strategies- with Critical Approach-, of the Rondas Campesinas of “El Tambo” – Bambamarca, during the Conflict against the Conga Mining Proyect, during the years 2011-2013, it demonstrates the hypothesis about the design and use of communication strategies to resist, visualize the rondera fight and to the alternative proposes of solution to the model of society that prevailing in the world. As part of a process of “defense of the environment and fight against the hegemonic system“ expressed in the Yanacocha mining company, made up of the United States Newmont mining company (51,35%), the Peruvian Company of Minas Buenaventura (43,65%) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) of the World Bank (5%). The IFC is an institution created in 1956 and today has 184 member countries around the world. The possible design of strategies, materialized in communicative practices, motivated the investigation of that topic, - according to the citizens - is crucial since, they consider to have defeated to the Peruvian government and to the company of Yanacocha when deciding to suspend the project. The “resistance“, however, it was not only executed in “El Tambo”, but was part of a process of systemic interaction between several groups such as the Regional Federation of Rondas Campesinas, the Unitary Command of Fight and the Environmental Defense in Front of Cajamarca, whose actions had repercuted at national and international level. The Sequential Explanatory Design (DEXPLIS), used in this thesis, it allowed us to contrast the hypothesis based on the Mixed Research Method, which is characterized by the stages that collect and analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. That mixture allowed the initial quantitative results to provide information to the collection of qualitative data. Thus, in the Quantitative Stage it applied a questionnaire to 385 ronderos; then, in the Qualitative Stage, the main leaders of the area were interviewed. The goal, of course, was not to replace quantitative research, but to use the strengths of both to minimize their potential weaknesses. The study demonstrates the existence of Communicative Strategies of Resistance; Visibility and Citizen Proposal. The analysis of grouped data prioritizes the options: always or almost always, yields results for a series of indicators whose highest values constitute substantial elements for 5 of them for each category. Regarding the Strategies of Resistance, the order of communicative practices is as follows: first, 95,32% of the population responds that they participated and / or organized protest rallies; then, 92,99% indicated that songs, poetry, carnival songs, dramas or other performances and shows were created; then by 91,43% indicated that dialogue and / or debate was taken place between neighbors with other people about the importance of fighting against the mentioned mining project. In fourth place, according to the data, the population resisted in 90,65% to collaborate with the forces of the order during the conflict; finally, the 83,12% mention about the realization of general strikes of peasants, professionals, artisans, etc. About the Visibility of Strategies, the 100% of the population indicates that open spaces such as plains, pampas, jalcas, squares and streets were used to protest against the project; in second place, the 99,48% stated that, although they did not create their own media such as radio, TV, press, cinema, etc., they use several mass media to make themselves visible. Then, 97,66% indicates that alternative spaces of counter-hegemonic communication were used, 97,40% mention about the monitoring of means to inform and answer; while the 95,32% is the figure for two indicators: official spokesmen of the Peasant Rounds and organization of vigils. Finally, framed in the Citizen Proposal Strategies, the results of the 5 indicators with the highest percentages are: 100% of the population mention that performed and/or participated in assemblies and meetings of protest and support at the local, regional and national scope; Equal percentage is for actions of harassment, ridicule, harassment and ridicule to government employees and authorities; in third place, a 92,73% indicates that the model of life or model of “development“ for its community was discussed; in fourth place, 88,05% say that campaigns were carried out to collect economic aid, provisions and clothing; And finally, 87,01% indicates that they prepared and shared common pots. All the strategies fit with the Theory of Alternative Communication, which, despite is being invisibilized by the mass media and even the scientific community; it is the inseparable ally of civil society in its struggle to exercise citizenship. They are mechanisms of counter power in the hegemonic dispute. In “El Tambo”, the hegemony previously controlled by the official power, is now in the hands of the community. It is concluded that: The Rondas Campesinas of El Tambo activated in some cases, and in others created a series of communicative practices framed strategically and tactically, in order to allow them to strengthen their resistance, make visible their demands, and propose alternatives to development. The strategic communicative practices would far exceed those designed by communication teams of large corporations. It is suggested, therefore, to deepen the study, the same as by design, time, distance and geography did not arise in other crucial aspects. Likewise, similar studies can be developed to demonstrate or discard that peasant organizations make better use of communication without even having gone to school, less to the university. KEYWORDS: alternative communication, resistance, power, counter power, strategy, hegemony, good living.
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