Comportamiento de 35 híbridos simples de maíz amarillo duro (Zea mays L.) en La Molina y Barranca

Abstract

The objective of this research was to identify hybrids with good grain yield compared to the best commercial witness, through the evaluation of the behavior of thirty-five genotypes in two environments. The trial was conducted under the randomized complete block design (RBCA), with thirty-five hybrids, two repetitions and two locations, La Molina and Barranca. The planting distance was 80 cm between rows, 30 cm between holes, two plants per hole and a density of 83,333 plants/ha. Because there was a highly significant statistical difference for the genotype x environment interaction (IGA), the comparison of means and the identification of best hybrids was done for each environment. 16 traits were evaluated; In La Molina there were statistical differences between hybrids for 11 evaluated traits, except for ear length, grains per row, grains per ear, weight of 500 grains and moisture harvest; In the case of Barranca, the non-significant variables were: ear length and stem diameter. The high variability obtained is possibly due to the genetic difference between the parents of the hybrids since the inbred lines originated from corn populations of Chanchamayo, Puerto Bermúdez, Tarapoto and Mexico, in addition to the environmental effect of Barranca and La Molina. Based on their importance, six of the 16 evaluated attributes were considered to make the selection: days to female flowering, prolificacy, shelling index, grains per ear, weight of 500 grains and grain yield. Therefore, applying a selection pressure of 20 percent, the simple hybrids selected for La Molina were: 19dxT29_A, 18HxCORA_8, 19dxT30_A, 19d1xCORY_21, 18HxT28_A, 19dxT32_A and 23HxCORA_21; and for Barranca: 13HxCORI_104, 22dx40H, 23HxCORA_21, 19dxT31_A, 5dx40H, 23HxCORA_22 and 41dx39H.