Bibliographic citations
Genit-Chavarri, M., Natteri-Alvarado, D. (2022). Asociación entre Disminución de la Función Visual a Distancia y/o de cerca con Síntomas Depresivos en Adultos Mayores con Catarata en el Perú 2014-2018, análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar [Tesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)]. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/659765
Genit-Chavarri, M., Natteri-Alvarado, D. Asociación entre Disminución de la Función Visual a Distancia y/o de cerca con Síntomas Depresivos en Adultos Mayores con Catarata en el Perú 2014-2018, análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC); 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/659765
@misc{renati/399248,
title = "Asociación entre Disminución de la Función Visual a Distancia y/o de cerca con Síntomas Depresivos en Adultos Mayores con Catarata en el Perú 2014-2018, análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar",
author = "Natteri-Alvarado, Doménica",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)",
year = "2022"
}
Background Depression is a mental illness that affects approximately 264 million people worldwide. It is associated with a minor quality of life, in comparison with people who do not have this pathology, especially in senior adult cases. In the other hand, from 45 to 50 years old, people become prone to develop senile cataract caused by crystalline lens opacification. This generates a reduction of visual acuity, among other symptoms, and is one of the main causes of blindness in developing countries. However, it is considered that more specific information is needed about the different types of visual impairment generated by cataracts and their association with moderate depressive symptoms, as well as their performance depending on the area of residency because of the breach of the existing information. Objective The present study was intended to identify the association between the reduction of the distance and/or near visual performance and depressive symptoms in senior adults aged 60 with cataract. Methods This was a secondary cross-sectional analytical of the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES for its Spanish acronym) 2014-2018. The selection criterion consisted in adults older than 60 years old, with a report of cataract diagnosis made by a specialist, who answered questions about depressive symptoms and decreased distance vision. The decrease in near and distant visual acuity was measured through questions about difficulty to see and recognize the face of a person standing at approximately 6 meters, and the difficulty to read a text or clearly see an image at the distance of an extended arm during the last 12 months. The self-report answers were categorized as “only near”, “only distant”, “both” and “none” visual impairment. The outcome variable, depressive symptoms, was measured through the PHQ-9 with a cutoff point of 10 out of 27 to classify for presence or absence of moderate depressive symptoms or more. The association between visual impairment and depression was estimated by using multivariate models with crude and adjusted ratios through Poisson GLM with a Log link. A general adjusted model and a stratified one were made according to the place of residency. The results were presented as prevalence ratios Results In patients older than 60 years old with a diagnosis of cataract, regarding the prevalence of difficulty to see, 47.5% did not have any difficulty to see from near or distance, 15.5% reported difficulty to see only from near, 9.9% only from distance and 27.2% difficulty for both distances. In addition, the prevalence of moderate depressive symptoms in the same population was 15.4%, being 8.2% moderate depressive symptoms, 4.6% moderately severe and 2.6% severe. Making an adjusted model, the persons with difficulty to see from distance had a 68% more probability to present moderate depressive symptoms or more (RPa=1,68, I.C. 95%: 1,13-2,50, p=0.011), meanwhile persons with difficulty in both distances have 80% more probability in comparison with persons that did not have visual difficulty (RPa=1.80, I.C 95%: 1.37-2.37, p<0.001). Considering the stratified and adjusted models by area of residency, we found that in the urban area, there is 87% more probability to have moderate depressive symptoms or more when there is difficulty to see from distance (RPa=1.95, I.C. 95%: 1.32-2.90, p=0.001). However, in the rural area, only the visual impairment in both measurements resulted to have 41% higher probability to have moderate depressive symptoms or more (RPa=1,41%, I.C. 95%: 1.05-1.89, p=0.022). Conclusion The association between visual impairment from distance only and the distance and near visual impairment with major depressive symptomatology in older adults with cataract was recognized. An increasing gradualness, with a major probability that at least moderate depressive symptoms appear in older adults that have both impairments simultaneously was also identified. Furthermore, when we stratified the adjustment by urban and rural areas; we can see that the same pattern is followed in the urban area. However, in the rural area, we can see that just persons with both difficulties have moderate and higher depressive symptoms.
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