Sensibilidad antimicrobiana in vitro de enterobacterias causantes de piometra en hembras caninas no esterilizadas en la ciudad de Trujillo, 2023

Abstract

Se analizaron 39 muestras de colecta uterina proveniente de hembras caninas enteras diagnosticadas con piometra en la ciudad de Trujillo, con el objetivo de identificar y evaluar la sensibilidad antimicrobiana in vitro de las cepas de enterobacterias encontradas, que son los microrganismos aislados de mayor frecuencia. La toma de muestra fue mediante aspiración con jeringa de los cuernos uterinos posterior a la ovariohisterectomía (OVH). Dichas muestras fueron llevadas a cultivos en agar Mac Conkey y agar sangre, para ser sometidas a pruebas bioquímicas para identificación bacteriana. Posteriormente se evaluó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cada cepa mediante el método Kirby Bauer. De las muestras colectadas, solo 37 presentaron desarrollo bacteriano y se aislaron 38 cepas bacterianas. La principal enterobacteria aislada fue E. coli (75.7%), seguido de Enterobacter spp. (8.1%), Proteus spp. (2.7%) y Klebsiella spp (2.7%). Se determinó que cepas de E. coli aisladas eran sensible a cefalexina (100%), gentamicina (100%), ceftriaxona (96.4%), norfloxacina (96.4%), ciprofloxacina (96.4%), aztreonam (96.4%), Amoxicilina asociado a ácido clavulánico (82.1%), cefalotina (82.1%), y cloranfenicol (78.6%); pero resistente a tetraciclina (42.9%), Trimetropim más sulfametoxazol (39.3%) y ampicilina (17.9%). Mientras que Enterobacter spp. es sensible solo a Gentamicina (100%), Ciprofloxacina (66.7%) y doxiciclina (66.7%); pero resistente a ampicilina (100%), cefalotina (100%), ceftriaxona (100%), cefalexina (100%), gentamicina (100%), Trimetropim más sulfametoxazol (100%) y tetraciclina (100%). Klebsiella spp. presentó resistencia a aztreonam, trimetropim/sulfametoxazol y cloranfenicol, además de su resistencia intrínseca. Y Proteus spp. resultó altamente sensible excepto a Trimetropim/sulfametoxazol y tetraciclinas

39 samples of uterine collection were analyzed from whole female dogs diagnosed with pyometra in the city of Trujillo, with the aim of identifying and evaluating the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of the enterobacteria strains found, which are the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The sample was taken by aspiration with a syringe from the uterine horns after OVH. These samples were cultured on Mac Conkey agar and blood agar, for biochemical tests for bacterial identification. Subsequently, the antimicrobial susceptibility of each strain was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer method. Of the collected samples, only 37 showed bacterial growth and 38 bacterial strains were isolated. The main enterobacteria isolated was Escherichia coli (75.7%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (8.1%), Proteus spp. (2.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (2.7%). It was determined that isolated E. coli strains were sensitive to cephalexin (100%), gentamicin (100%), ceftriaxone (96.4%), norfloxacin (96.4%), ciprofloxacin (96.4%), aztreonam (96.4%), amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid (82.1%), cephalothin (82.1%), and chloramphenicol (78.6%); but resistant to tetracycline (42.9%), Trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (39.3%) and ampicillin (17.9%). While Enterobacter spp. is only sensitive to Gentamicin (100%), Ciprofloxacin (66.7%) and doxycycline (66.7%); but resistant to ampicillin (100%), cephalothin (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), cephalexin (100%), gentamicin (100%), Trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (100%) and tetracycline (100%). Klebsiella spp. presented resistance to aztreonam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol, in addition to its intrinsic resistance. And Proteus spp. was highly sensitive except to Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracyclines