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Vilca, J., (2000). Desarrollo estratégico de la mina Cerro de Pasco [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/610
Vilca, J., Desarrollo estratégico de la mina Cerro de Pasco [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/610
@mastersthesis{renati/254291,
title = "Desarrollo estratégico de la mina Cerro de Pasco",
author = "Vilca Masías, Jesús",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2000"
}
Título: Desarrollo estratégico de la mina Cerro de Pasco
Autor(es): Vilca Masías, Jesús
Asesor(es): Agreda Turriate, Isauro Carlos
Palabras clave: Gestión minera; Minas; Planificación estratégica
Fecha de publicación: 2000
Institución: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Resumen: El estudio llevado a cabo presenta en su parte inicial una breve descripción del sector de minería en el Perú y de la situación de la minería de zinc y plomo mundial. También se describe a Centromin Perú y a su Unidad de Negocios Cerro de Pasco.
Empezando con un diagnóstico, se levó a cabo el análisis del entorno en el que se encuentra la Unidad de Negocios y el análisis de su situación interna. En el primer punto, se analizaron los factores del macroentorno tales como los factores políticos legales, socio cultúrales, económicos, tecnológicos y ambientales, encontrándose un entorno con condiciones favorables, sobre todo en tas políticas, tributarias y económicas.
Asimismo se hizo una revisión del entorno internacional, en donde se revisó el nivel de inversiones, la cotización de los metales y niveles de oferta y demanda de concentrados de zinc y plomo. Se encontró que en términos generales en los últimos años el nivel de inversiones hacia Latinoamérica ha crecido sustancialmente. En cuanto a la determinación de los precios de los metales, según los analistas se debe incluir la producción mundial primaria como la secundaria, los stocks del metal y el consumo mundial. Además de estas variables hay que tomar en cuenta la influencia de las fuerzas de especulación, los inversionistas de bolsa que optan por coberturarse así como los factores del entorno, tanto políticos, sociales, ambientales, naturales, etc.
Se realizó el análisis de las ventajas competitivas del Perú en el sector minero, llegando a la conclusión de que el país posee condiciones favorables de los factores básicos, así como en estructura y estrategia de las empresas dentro del sector, encontrando una posición intermedia en lo referente a las condiciones de la demanda y la calidad de los sectores conexos y de apoyo, sobre todo en lo referente a maquinaria y tecnología. Asimismo, el gobierno ha jugado un papel muy importante en los últimos años para darle atractivo al sector por medio de reformas en los marcos tributarios y legales.
En el tercer capítulo se realizó el análisis interno de la Unidad de Negocios Cerro de Pasco. Se realizó un análisis funcional que abarcó las diferentes actividades que desarrolla la Unidad. El análisis evidenció que la empresa se encuentra en una posición interna fuerte, las principales fortalezas de gestión se generan como consecuencia del aprovechamiento de ventajas externas antes que del desarrollo de capacidades internas, mientras que las principales debilidades son consecuencia de malas gestiones anteriores. Así se tiene que las fortalezas se relacionan con la parte operativa por el lado da los costos y con los recursos humanos por el lado de la experiencia y calificación del personal. En cuanto a las debilidades estas se dan principalmente en el aspecto tecnológico y en los problemas socioeconómicos inherentes a la mina.
Las principales fortalezas encontradas son: la ley de mineral de zinc por encima del promedio, personal de operación altamente calificado, costos totales debajo del promedio además de tener una cartera de dientes con las que se ha mantenido buenas relaciones. Las principales debilidades identificadas fueron los bajos niveles de productividad, la baja inversión en exploraciones de nuevos yacimientos que ocasionan la corta vida del tajo abierto, tecnología antigua en las operaciones minero-metalúrgicas, falta de un sistema de información gerencial, altos costos logísticos y la presencia de altos contenidos de fierro en los minerales que hacen bajar la valorización de los concentrados.
El cuarto capitulo está dedicado a ka problemática social en Cerro de Pasco. En este sentido, la problemática social abarca la dificultad para la expansión de las operaciones mineras en áreas colindantes a la ciudad, el abastecimiento de los servicios de agua y desagüe, al mantenimiento de las viviendas del personal y todo lo relacionado con el aspecto ambiental.
En el quinto capitulo se realiza un análisis del impacto ambiental de las operaciones de la mina Cerro de Pasco. Asimismo se presenta con detalle el Programa de Adecuación y Manejo Ambiental ("PAMA") y las medidas de mitigación aplicadas después de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar (EVAP).
Por último, considerando los objetivos estratégicos de la Mina Ceno de Pasco, se han identificado las estrategias más adecuadas para la Unidad, que en términos genéricos serian:
Mejoramiento de imagen ante la opinión pública
Incremento de la vida de la mina
Mantenimiento del nivel de producción total
Mejoramiento de utilidades de la unidad.
En resumen, las conclusiones finales del estudio son:
El Sub sector de concentrados se presenta moderadamente atractivo para la Inversión» debido a las expectativas de crecimiento a futuro y las altas barreras de ingreso.
A nivel país, se concluye que el Perú tiene ventajas competitivas en el sector minero.
Del análisis interno se concluye que la U.N. Cerro de Pasco tiene una estructura interna caracterizada por las fortalezas que sobrepasan a sus debilidades.
La problemática social y política actual de la ciudad de Cerro de Pasco, colindante con la mina constituye un alto sobre costo social que podrían influir en la perdida de competitividad de la mina Cerro de Pasco.
Existen pasivos ambientales que representan un costo adicional para la mitigación de los problemas no tratados con anterioridad.
Como recomendaciones a seguir por la Unidad de Negocios Cerro de Pasco se ha propuesto lo siguiente:
Poner mayor énfasis en las operaciones subterráneas debido a que en el mediano plazo la explotador a tajo abierto pasaré a ser inviable,
Invertir en las exploraciones dentro del área de producción.
Implementar programas de mejoramiento de imagen institucional.
Implementar programas para el aumento de eficiencia del personal.
Invertir en tecnología para mejorar la calidad de los concentrados
Aumentar la inversión en exploraciones de zonas cercanas a operaciones mineras.
Separar los servicios básicos de la ciudad respecto de la actividad minera
This study shows in its rnitial part a brief description about the Peruvian mining sector and the world zinc and tead mining situation. Centromin Perú and its Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (Unidad de Negocios Cerro de Pasco) are also descríbed. Begínníng with a diagnosis, it was carried out the background analysis of the Business Unit and the analysis concerning its infernal situation. In the first chapter, factors of the macrosituation were analyzed. such as legal political, social cultural, economic, technological and environmental factors, there being a background with favorable conditions, mainly in political, tax, and economic conditions. The international background was ateo reviewed considering the investment tevel, metal valué and suppty and demand levéis of zinc and tead concéntrales. In general terms, it was found that the investment tevel in Latín America has increased substantially in the last years. With regard to the determination itself of the metal prices, accordíng to the analysts, it should be included the world production as well as the secondary production, metal stocks and world consumption. In addition to these variabtes, it is necessary to take into account the influence of speculation forces, stock market investors who opt to cover themselves, as welt as the background factors (political, social, environmental, natural, etc.) It was periormed the analysis of the Peruvian competitivo advantages in the mining sector. It was concluded that the country owns favorable conditions from the basic factors, both in structure and strategy of enterprises within the sector, finding an intermediate position regarding to the demand conditions and quality of connecting and supporting sectora, mainly with respect to machinery and technology. Likewise, government has played a very important role in the last years to make the sector attractive by means of reforms in tax and legal aspeóte. In the third chapter, it was carried out the interna! analysis about the Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (U.N. Cerro de Pasco). It was performed a functional analysis that included the different activities developed by the Unit. The analysis showed that the company is in a strong intemal position. The main management strengths are generated as a consequence of the exploitation of external advantages before the devetopment of internal capacities, white the main weaknesses are a consequence of bad previous managements. Thus, strengths are related to the operational part on the side of coste and to the human resources on the side of personnel experience and qualffication. In retation to the weaknesses, these are produced basically in the technological aspect and in social economía probtems inherent in the mine. The main strengths found are: the grade of zinc ore above average. highly qualified operation personnel, total costs betow average, besides having a dient portfolio whicti it has had a good relationship with. The main weaknesses identified were: the k>w levéis of productivity, tow investment in prospecting of new deposite that causes the short litetime of open pit, oíd technology used in mining metallurgic operations, lack of a management Information system, high togistrc costs and the presence of high contente of ¡ron in minerals which get the concéntrales valuation decreased. The fourth chapter deate with the social problems in Cerro de Pasco. On this subject, the social problems include the difficulty for expanding mining operations in áreas adjacent to the city, the supply of water and drainage sen/ices, the personnel housing maintenance and all facts connected with the environmental aspect. In the fifth chapter it is carried out an environmental impact analysis about the operations in Cerro de Pasco mina it is also detailed the Environmental Management and Adjustment Program (Programa de Adecuación y Manejo Ambiental – ("PAMA”) and the mitigation measures applied after the Preliminary Environmental Assessment (Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar - "EVAP"). Lastly, considering the strategic objectives drawn up by Cerro the Pasco Mine, the most adequate strategies identified for the Unit in general terms woukf be: Image improvement befare the public opinion Increase of mine lifelime Maintenanceof total production level. Improvement of Unit profits. In short, the final conclusions of study are: The subsector of concentrales appears moderately atlractive for the investment, due to the growing expectations in the futura and the high incorne barriere. At level of country, it is concluded that Peru has competitive advantages in the mining sector. From the intemal analysis, it is concluded that the Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (U.N. Cerro de Pasco) has an intemal structure characterized by the strengths that exceed its weaknesses. The present social and political problems of Cerro de Pasco city. adjacent to the mine, constitute a high social additional cost, which rnight have an influence over the competitiveness loss in Cerro de Pasco mine. There are environmental liabilities that represent an additional cost for the solutron of problems previously unsolved, As recommendations to be followed by the Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (U.N. Cerro de Pasco), there are the following proposals: To emphasize the underground operation because, at medium temi, the open pit exploitation will be unfeasible. To invest in exploralions within the production area. To implement improvement programs of instilutional image. To implement programs for personnel efficiency increase. To invest in technology in order to improve the concentrales quality To increase the investment in explorations of zones ciose to the mining operations. To separate city basic services frorn the mining activity.
This study shows in its rnitial part a brief description about the Peruvian mining sector and the world zinc and tead mining situation. Centromin Perú and its Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (Unidad de Negocios Cerro de Pasco) are also descríbed. Begínníng with a diagnosis, it was carried out the background analysis of the Business Unit and the analysis concerning its infernal situation. In the first chapter, factors of the macrosituation were analyzed. such as legal political, social cultural, economic, technological and environmental factors, there being a background with favorable conditions, mainly in political, tax, and economic conditions. The international background was ateo reviewed considering the investment tevel, metal valué and suppty and demand levéis of zinc and tead concéntrales. In general terms, it was found that the investment tevel in Latín America has increased substantially in the last years. With regard to the determination itself of the metal prices, accordíng to the analysts, it should be included the world production as well as the secondary production, metal stocks and world consumption. In addition to these variabtes, it is necessary to take into account the influence of speculation forces, stock market investors who opt to cover themselves, as welt as the background factors (political, social, environmental, natural, etc.) It was periormed the analysis of the Peruvian competitivo advantages in the mining sector. It was concluded that the country owns favorable conditions from the basic factors, both in structure and strategy of enterprises within the sector, finding an intermediate position regarding to the demand conditions and quality of connecting and supporting sectora, mainly with respect to machinery and technology. Likewise, government has played a very important role in the last years to make the sector attractive by means of reforms in tax and legal aspeóte. In the third chapter, it was carried out the interna! analysis about the Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (U.N. Cerro de Pasco). It was performed a functional analysis that included the different activities developed by the Unit. The analysis showed that the company is in a strong intemal position. The main management strengths are generated as a consequence of the exploitation of external advantages before the devetopment of internal capacities, white the main weaknesses are a consequence of bad previous managements. Thus, strengths are related to the operational part on the side of coste and to the human resources on the side of personnel experience and qualffication. In retation to the weaknesses, these are produced basically in the technological aspect and in social economía probtems inherent in the mine. The main strengths found are: the grade of zinc ore above average. highly qualified operation personnel, total costs betow average, besides having a dient portfolio whicti it has had a good relationship with. The main weaknesses identified were: the k>w levéis of productivity, tow investment in prospecting of new deposite that causes the short litetime of open pit, oíd technology used in mining metallurgic operations, lack of a management Information system, high togistrc costs and the presence of high contente of ¡ron in minerals which get the concéntrales valuation decreased. The fourth chapter deate with the social problems in Cerro de Pasco. On this subject, the social problems include the difficulty for expanding mining operations in áreas adjacent to the city, the supply of water and drainage sen/ices, the personnel housing maintenance and all facts connected with the environmental aspect. In the fifth chapter it is carried out an environmental impact analysis about the operations in Cerro de Pasco mina it is also detailed the Environmental Management and Adjustment Program (Programa de Adecuación y Manejo Ambiental – ("PAMA”) and the mitigation measures applied after the Preliminary Environmental Assessment (Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar - "EVAP"). Lastly, considering the strategic objectives drawn up by Cerro the Pasco Mine, the most adequate strategies identified for the Unit in general terms woukf be: Image improvement befare the public opinion Increase of mine lifelime Maintenanceof total production level. Improvement of Unit profits. In short, the final conclusions of study are: The subsector of concentrales appears moderately atlractive for the investment, due to the growing expectations in the futura and the high incorne barriere. At level of country, it is concluded that Peru has competitive advantages in the mining sector. From the intemal analysis, it is concluded that the Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (U.N. Cerro de Pasco) has an intemal structure characterized by the strengths that exceed its weaknesses. The present social and political problems of Cerro de Pasco city. adjacent to the mine, constitute a high social additional cost, which rnight have an influence over the competitiveness loss in Cerro de Pasco mine. There are environmental liabilities that represent an additional cost for the solutron of problems previously unsolved, As recommendations to be followed by the Business Unit Cerro de Pasco (U.N. Cerro de Pasco), there are the following proposals: To emphasize the underground operation because, at medium temi, the open pit exploitation will be unfeasible. To invest in exploralions within the production area. To implement improvement programs of instilutional image. To implement programs for personnel efficiency increase. To invest in technology in order to improve the concentrales quality To increase the investment in explorations of zones ciose to the mining operations. To separate city basic services frorn the mining activity.
Enlace al repositorio: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/610
Disciplina académico-profesional: Maestría en Ciencias con Mención en Gestión Minera
Institución que otorga el grado o título: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera y Metalúrgica. Unidad de Posgrado
Grado o título: Maestro en Ciencias con Mención en Gestión Minera
Fecha de registro: 4-sep-2013
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