Citas bibligráficas
Porta, R., (2021). Modificación de la variabilidad genética de una población de Physalis peruviana L. para una agricultura sustentable [Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4787
Porta, R., Modificación de la variabilidad genética de una población de Physalis peruviana L. para una agricultura sustentable []. PE: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4787
@phdthesis{renati/246072,
title = "Modificación de la variabilidad genética de una población de Physalis peruviana L. para una agricultura sustentable",
author = "Porta Chupurgo, Rolando",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2021"
}
The aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana L.), important for its economic and nutritional value, requires studies that aim to reduce the size of the plant, the vegetative period, among others. The objectives of this work were: (i) to determine the effect of gamma rays and sodium azide to induce genetic changes in aguaymanto; (ii) determine the ploidy level of the M0 population (iii); molecularly characterize the population M0 and M1 and (iv) evaluate the morphological characteristics of the M2 plants. For objective 1, two independent experiments were installed, which were conducted both in the laboratory and in the nursery. In the first experiment, gamma radiation was applied to the seeds with doses of 0 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy, 300 Gy, 350 Gy and 400 Gy. In the second experiment, the seeds were soaked in sodium azide at a dose of 0.0; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 and 3.5 mM; in addition, a buffer pH3 solution was included. Both experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications per treatment. For the comparison of means, the Tukey test was used. % Root germination, % cotyledonal germination, root length (mm), % emergence and plant height (mm) were evaluated. For objective 2, 100 seedlings were germinated. When they had four to five true leaves, 30 individuals were randomly selected. The protocol of the potato reproductive and cytological biology manual was used (Ordoñez et al., 2016). For objective 3, the DNA extraction was carried out based on the methodology of Dellaporta et al. (1983), then the ISSR microsatellites were amplified via PCR with six primers, chosen for showing polymorphism and repeatability; finally, the amplified ones were separated by electrophoresis (1 hour in TBE Buffer 0.5 X at 160 V) in 8% polyacrylamide gels, using silver salts for staining. The visualization of the gels was done directly on them, using a white light background. The weight of the amplified ones was estimated by comparison with the Lambda marker of 100 bp. For objective 4, 10 seeds of 200 plants from the M1 population were germinated (2.5 mM of sodium azide and 300 Gy of gamma radiation). When the seedlings were approximately 10 cm tall, a total of 2000 seedlings from each treatment were transplanted into the final field in independent observation plots, spaced between rows at 1.50 m. and at 1.50 m. between plants. Every 5 treated seedling rows, 2 seedling rows were sown without treatment (control), to facilitate comparison. The identification of mutagenic variants in individual plants was visually compared with the plants without treatment (control). Morphological characters were evaluated and those different individuals with desired agronomic characters were selected. The results are: (i) the doses of the mutagenic agent’s gamma rays and sodium azide used 14 had reducing and stimulating effects on germination, emergence, root length and seedling height. Noting a trend of greater reduction with the increase of the dose; (ii) the plants of the M0 population are made up of plants with 2n = 48 chromosomes; (iii) the molecular characterization of the M0 population proved to be a homogeneous population and the molecular characterization of 29 M1 plants determined the existence of four groups and two independent genotypes; (iv) the mutagenic agents gamma rays and sodium azide at the doses of 300 Gy and 2.5 mM induced changes different from the control in morphological and precocious characters considered as probable mutants.
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