Citas bibligráficas
Romero, R., (2022). Cambio del sistema de riego por gravedad a goteo y función de producción en el cultivo de Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) [Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/5375
Romero, R., Cambio del sistema de riego por gravedad a goteo y función de producción en el cultivo de Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) []. PE: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/5375
@mastersthesis{renati/243083,
title = "Cambio del sistema de riego por gravedad a goteo y función de producción en el cultivo de Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa)",
author = "Romero Dulanto, Rosanna",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2022"
}
The objective of the research work was to evaluate the change from the gravity to drip irrigation system and to obtain the production function in the six-year-old tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) crop. The Lurín River is the main supplier of irrigation water in the Pachacamac Valley, which is insufficient for agricultural use. In the dry season there is a deficit in the supply of water, being the source at this time, the Pan de Azúcar puquio. The soil is alluvial, loamy sand texture, with a stone content of over 50% and the current irrigation system is by gravity; All of these factors contribute to scarcity and loss through deep percolation and surface runoff of irrigation water. The investigation was carried out between the months of February to November 2020 in one of the tare lots of the Belloni estate, Pachacamac - Lima. A completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were: T0 gravity irrigation, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, drip irrigation with the following irrigation factors: 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 percent of the potential evapotranspiration (ETo), respectively. The agronomic parameters evaluated were the identification of the phenological state of the tara crop based on the evaluations carried out fortnightly, the quantification of the time of appearance of the different organs in the plant, monitoring of the green cover during the entire vegetative stage, evaluation of the percentage of tannins, yield and pod quality in postharvest; appearance of new roots and monitoring of the distribution of moisture in the soil through the use of four rhizotrons. For the design and installation of drip irrigation, the following was considered: a) a similar percentage of wet area (21.76%) to the gravity irrigation system; b) high coefficient of uniformity, design of 99% and field of 92.61% and c) elimination of macroalgae by planting tilapias. The change from gravity to drip irrigation system allowed: a) to increase irrigation efficiency from 53.5% to 92.61%; b) advance flowering and harvest by 35 days; c) reach the percentage of tannins greater than 60%; d) it did not reduce the yield in T1, in the other treatments the yield decreased by 20% and e) allow different agronomic activities to be carried out simultaneously and the permanence of the mulch from natural defoliation, helping to conserve soil moisture. The production function was obtained that was fitted to a fourth degree polynomial with R2 = 0.9987. In the case of increasingly scarce water resource conditions in the study area and the high price of additional water during the dry season, the strategy to follow based on water availability is to maximize production per unit. of water applied by irrigation, that is, to achieve the maximum efficiency of water use (T4), but not to obtain the optimum agronomic value (T1). The change from the gravity to drip irrigation system was feasible in the established six-year-old tara plantation, the irrigation factor 0.4, presented a higher productivity of 0.71 kg/m3 , with an accumulated irrigation sheet of 2,571.96 m3 and a yield of 1,837.7 kg/ha.
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