Bibliographic citations
Mayorga, G., (2020). Caracterización del asma en altura en niños de 05 -14 años de edad en el Hospital Adolfo Guevara Velasco de la ciudad del Cusco, 2020 [Tesis, Universidad Andina del Cusco]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/3393
Mayorga, G., Caracterización del asma en altura en niños de 05 -14 años de edad en el Hospital Adolfo Guevara Velasco de la ciudad del Cusco, 2020 [Tesis]. : Universidad Andina del Cusco; 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/3393
@misc{renati/21276,
title = "Caracterización del asma en altura en niños de 05 -14 años de edad en el Hospital Adolfo Guevara Velasco de la ciudad del Cusco, 2020",
author = "Mayorga Coayla, Gianni Michelle",
publisher = "Universidad Andina del Cusco",
year = "2020"
}
Introduction: The WHO recognizes asthma as a common non-communicable disease among children, according to its estimates there were 383,000 asthma deaths in 2015, making this pathological entity a crucial public health issue worldwide. Currently in Peru the acquisition of updated information on asthma regarding prevalence and solid bases on risk factors is scarce. The existing studies, in addition to being limited, focus mainly on the evaluation and analysis of urban areas, leaving aside other areas of the country. Objective: To identify the characteristics of asthma in children aged 5-14 years at the Adolfo Guevara Velasco hospital in the city of Cusco, 2020. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of case series. With a sample of 131 children between 05 and 14 years of age with a diagnosis of asthma who met the inclusion criteria of the Adolfo Guevara Velasco Hospital in the city of Cusco. Results: The study was conducted in 131 children. In general characteristics there is a predominance of the male sex in 55%, and most are between 05 to 08 years of age. In the prenatal characteristics, it is observed that the maternal and paternal antecedents of asthma are in 11.5% 95% CI [6-16.9] and 19.1% 95% CI [12.35-25.81] respectively. The maternal antecedent of allergic rhinitis presented in 17.6% 95% CI [11.04-24.07] and the paternal antecedent in 21.4% 95% CI [14.35-28.39]. The maternal antecedent of atopic dermatitis is seen in 26.7% 95% CI [19.14-34.29], and the paternal antecedent in 19.1% 95% CI [12.35-25.81]. A 5.3% 95% CI[1.49-9.19] of the mothers presented maternal smoking during pregnancy and 42% of all mothers used antibiotics during pregnancy. In natal characteristics, caesarean sections were performed in 38.2% of mothers, premature birth was presented in 16.8% 95% CI [10.39-23.20] of children. A 13% 95% CI [7.2218.73] of children had low birth weight. In the postnatal characteristics we found that the use of infant formulas occurred in 70.2% of the total, this being before 4 months in 55.7% 95% CI [47.22-64.23], and a consumption from 4 months in 14.5% 95% CI [8.47-20.53] of children. Exclusive breastfeeding was offered to 44.3% of the children. In 51.9%, breastfeeding was provided up to 8 to 12 months, and those who received up to 24 months or more are 10.7% 95% CI [5.4-15.98]. Consumption of cow's milk and its derivatives in the diet occurs daily in 25.2% 95% CI [17.76-32.62] of children. Consumption of cow's milk in its different presentations in the first year of life was observed in 70.2% 95% CI [62.4-78.06] of children. The consumption of egg and fish in the first year of life predominated in 45%. Complementary feeding started in 51.9% at 6 months, and 38.2% started at 8 months or later. A 51.1% of children had pets such as dogs and / or cats in the first year of life. Exposure to tobacco in the first year of life was observed in 9.9% 95% CI [4.80-15.04] of children. 51.9% of the study population presented neonatal jaundice, of which 30.5% 95% CI [22.65-38.42] received treatment with phototherapy. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was presented in 63.4% of children, and allergic rhinitis in 61.1%. 54.2% of the children had a history of bronchiolitis. The use of antibiotics in the first year of life was carried out in 54.2%. In the characterization of asthma with respect to the IPA criteria, a low incidence of a family history of asthma is observed, wheezing not associated with a cold before 3 years was present in 67.9% 95% CI [59.95-75.93] of children Frequent Wheezing more than 3 episodes in one year before 3 years by 49.6% 95% CI [41.06-58.18]. Eosinophil count in peripheral blood ≥4% is appreciated in 58% 95% CI [49.56 -66.47]. And finally, allergy to milk, egg, and nut protein is present in 26.7% 95% CI [19.14-34.29] of the children participating in the study. Conclusions: In the characterization of asthma in height there is an absence of a marked history of asthma, allergic rhinitis and dermatitis in the parents. Cesarean delivery was not observed in the majority of patients, nor was low birth weight. The use of milk formulas predominates in the study population, with this consumption being greater before 04 months of age. The majority of asthmatic children did not receive exclusive breastfeeding and the majority time that they received breastfeeding was up to 08 to 12 months. The consumption of cow's milk and its derivatives in the diet on a daily basis is frequent. Complementary feeding was started at 6 and 8 months later in asthmatic children. It is observed that the majority of children presented with neonatal jaundice, of which several received phototherapy. They present a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, in addition to a history of bronchiolitis. The use of antibiotics in the first year of life is frequent.
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