Citas bibligráficas
Oñate, W., (2019). Fenología, composición química y manejo de las variedades de alfalfa en el Cantón Riobamba [Tesis, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4085
Oñate, W., Fenología, composición química y manejo de las variedades de alfalfa en el Cantón Riobamba [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4085
@phdthesis{renati/1115850,
title = "Fenología, composición química y manejo de las variedades de alfalfa en el Cantón Riobamba",
author = "Oñate Viteri, Wilson Vitaliano",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2019"
}
The study of the management systems of the varieties of Medicago sativa alfalfa was carried out in the parishes of Quimiag, San Luis and Calpi of the Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province located at an altitude between 2700-2900 meters, with temperatures ranging from 10 to 22oC, 500 and 600 mm rainfall. 100 producers were interviewed through closed question surveys, the results of which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, chi-square and variance, determining that the spread of this crop is 95 percent sexual, mainly of the varieties purple flower, sw8210, cuf 101, abundant green, super dairy, moapa, and Peruvian hairy; The type of seed they use is the common one (66 percent). It is grown throughout the year for the most part (66 percent) and used in cutting, grazing 46 percent and 39 percent respectively. The quality of the seed they use is very good, however 96.99 percent do not perform any type of sanitary control before planting, nor do they inoculate the seed. Among the most relevant problems is the presence of pests such as black aphid (42 percent) and green (40 percent), diseases such as root rot (18 percent), wilt (15 percent) and fungi (3 percent) and lack of fertilization. Another of the negative factors in the management of the alfalfares, is the time of harvest the same that is not performed at the optimal time. In relation to the production of alfalfa it is around 14.8 t / fv / cut in pure crops and in associates it is 13.6 t / fv / cut. The number of cuts obtained per year is 5.6, with highly significant differences (P <0.01) between places (San Luis 6.1, Calpi 5.4, and Quimiag 5.4). Regarding weed control, 46 percent of the producers do not do it, 43 percent manually and the remaining 11 percent in chemical form. 92.7 percent of producers do not receive training on the management of this crop. The predominant alfalfa varieties in the area are purple flower, sw8210, cuf 101 and abundant green, which is why it is necessary to evaluate the phenological behavior based on chemical and / or organic fertilization, in order to improve the productive yields. The objective of the second study was to evaluate three varieties of Alfalfa (abundant green, cuf101 and sw8210) under three levels of phosphate fertilization (50,100 and 150 kg / ha) against a control, to determine the phenology and agronomic behavior in the establishment of this legume The trial was carried out at the Tunshi Experimental Station of the ESPOCH located in the Riobamba canton, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. The experimental units were distributed under a Completely Randomized Block Design based on Divided Plots and three repetitions, comparison of means according to Tukey and regression and correlation analysis. The experimental results did not register significant differences (P> 0.05) for the interaction (alfalfa varieties due to phosphate fertilization levels). When analyzing independently in factor A, it was observed that for the variable leaf / stem ratio there is a greater relationship in the green variety with 1.23 leaves / stem, significantly differentiating (P <0.05) from the sw8210 variety that registered 1.12 leaves / stem. When analyzing factor B, it was observed that the use of 150 kg of phosphorus / ha allowed to reach 84.29 percent of air coverage, which is significantly different (P <0.01) from the control treatment since it reached 76.60 percent. In the same way, the use of 150 kg / ha of phosphorus registered a baseline coverage of 29.41 percent that was significantly different (P <0.01) from the control treatment that reached 25.74 percent, finally when applying 150 kg / ha, 1.26 sheets were obtained / stem significantly differentiating (P <0.01) from the control treatment that registered 1.11 leaves / stem. In relation to the production of dry matter, there was no significant difference between alfalfa varieties and phosphate fertilization levels (P> 0.05) in the establishment phase, so it is concluded that there was no effect of phosphate fertilization in the three Alfalfa varieties performing the harvest time at 110 days when the plants presented 5 or more sprouts with heights of 5 cm. since there was no induction to flowering in these introduced species. The objective of the third study was to evaluate the forage response and the chemical composition of three varieties of alfalfa (abundant green, cuf101 and sw8210) under three levels of phosphate fertilization (50, 100 and 150 kg / ha) against a control. The trial was conducted at the Tunshi Experimental Station, of the ESPOCH located in Riobamba canton, Province of Chimborazo Ecuador. The experimental units were distributed under a Completely Randomized Block Design based on Divided Plots and three repetitions, comparison of means according to Tukey and regression and correlation analysis. The results indicate that when the A x B interaction was analyzed, it was observed that there were significant differences (P <0.01) for the baseline coverage variable with 64.31 percent when 150 kg / P / ha was applied in the abundant green variety. Analyzing the varieties factor (A) the variety abounds green was the crop that achieved the best agronomic behavior since it registered a leaf / stem ratio of 1.35 with a basal coverage of 57.38 percent and 24.84 stems per plant. In factor B (dose P) the use of 150 kg / P / ha allowed to register an air coverage of 99.74 percent, baseline coverage of 60.52 percent and botanical composition of 96.76 percent. The production of green fodder was 23.35 t / ha / cut, which corresponded to 5.75 t / ha / cut of dry matter having significant differences (P <0.05). The chemical composition for the varieties abounds green and cuf101 recorded protein percentages of 24.01 percent and 24.28 percent values that differ (P <0.01) from the sw8210 variety with 22.21 percent. Finally, when 150 and 100 kg / P / ha was used, a beneficial / cost 1.58 and 1.53 dollars were obtained, values that differ significantly (P <0.01) from the rest of treatments, since when using 50 and 0 kg / P / ha, it was obtained a benefit / cost of $ 1.38 and $1.31 respectively.
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