Factores asociados a recien nacido de bajo peso en un hospital del tercer nivel de la ciudad de Iquitos 2021 – 2022

Abstract

Introducción: El bajo peso al nacer es uno de los principales complicaciones perinatales, que llevan a presentar mayor morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal e infantil; y en la etapa adulta mayor frecuencia de patologías crónico metabólico degenerativos, el identificar oportunamente los fatores podría reducir su prevalencia. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a recién nacido de bajo peso en un hospital del tercer nivel de la ciudad de Iquitos, 2021 – 2022 Metodología: Se realizo un estudio observacional de caso control, comparando algunas características sociodemográficas y obstétricas entre 82 madres con RNBP y 164 madres con RN con peso normal, calculado su odds ratio y su significancia a través de la prueba del chi cuadrado. Resultados: Los factores que se asociaron significativamente a la presencia de recién nacido de bajo peso fueron edad < de 20 años (OR=2.84, p=0.008), procedencia urbano marginal (OR=3.039, p=0.000) y rural (OR=1.607, p=0.000); antecedente de tener un RNBP (OR=4.93, p=0.001), periodo intergenésico < de 2 años (OR=1.601, p=0.047), nulíparas (OR=1.991, p=0.047) y primíparas (OR=1.915, p=0.031); bajo peso materno (OR=2.64, p=0.004), menor número de atenciones prenatales (OR=1.799, p=0.036. Las morbilidades que se asociaron a RNBP fueron anemia (OR = 1.707 p = 0.043), ITU (OR = 1.781, p = 0.035), prematuridad (OR = 2.706, p = 0.017), HIE (OR = 3.484, p = 0.038), preeclampsia (OR = 4.153, p = 0.042) y malaria (p = 0.023) Conclusión: Existen factores sociodemográficos y obstétricos de la madre que se asocian a la prevalencia de RNBP

Introduction: Low birth weight is one of the main perinatal complications, leading to higher neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality, and in the adult stage with a higher frequency of chronic metabolic degenerative pathologies, timely identification of fators could reduce their prevalence. Objective: To determine the factors associated with low birth weight infants in a tertiary care hospital in the city of Iquitos, 2021 – 2022 Methodology: An observational case-control study was carried out, comparing some sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics between 82 mothers with NBB and 164 mothers with newborns with normal weight, calculating their odds ratio and significance through the chi-square test. Results: The factors that were significantly associated with the presence of low birth weight infants were age < 20 years (OR=2.84, p=0.008), marginal urban origin (OR=3.039, p=0.000) and rural origin (OR=1.607, p=0.000); history of having a PNB (OR=4.93, p=0.001), intergenic period of < 2 years (OR=1.601, p=0.047), nulliparous (OR=1.991, p=0.047) and primiparous (OR=1.915, p=0.031); low maternal weight (OR=2.64, p=0.004), fewer prenatal visits (OR=1.799, p=0.036). The morbidities associated with RNBP were anemia (OR = 1.707, p = 0.043), UTI (OR = 1.781, p = 0.035), prematurity (OR = 2.706, p = 0.017), HIE (OR = 3.484, p = 0.038), preeclampsia (OR = 4.153, p = 0.042), and malaria (p = 0.023) Conclusion: There are sociodemographic and obstetric factors of the mother that are associated with the prevalence of RNBP