Bibliographic citations
Leyva, T., (2018). Análisis del proceso de compatibilidad en un área natural protegida considerando el derecho humano al agua como criterio adicional: el caso de un proyecto de afianzamiento hídrico para autoconsumo de la Comunidad Campesina de Aquia en el Parque Nacional Huascarán [Tesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/12519
Leyva, T., Análisis del proceso de compatibilidad en un área natural protegida considerando el derecho humano al agua como criterio adicional: el caso de un proyecto de afianzamiento hídrico para autoconsumo de la Comunidad Campesina de Aquia en el Parque Nacional Huascarán [Tesis]. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/12519
@mastersthesis{sunedu/2658249,
title = "Análisis del proceso de compatibilidad en un área natural protegida considerando el derecho humano al agua como criterio adicional: el caso de un proyecto de afianzamiento hídrico para autoconsumo de la Comunidad Campesina de Aquia en el Parque Nacional Huascarán",
author = "Leyva Rivera, Tania María",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2018"
}
The conservation of natural protected areas (ANP) and their positioning as tools for conservation has been reflected in the regulations that establish the binding prior technical opinion (OTPV) as mandatory for a project that overlaps those areas, without its obtaining the proposed project is not viable. This procedure is known as compatibility. On the other hand, the creation of concerted scenarios in natural protected areas becomes important because it establishes the management of the territory and the resources that are in them, if such scenarios are carried out without the participation of the actors, they do not reflect the way that local populations are related to their environment. When these areas are located in the highlands, the probability that part of their actors are peasants communities is quite high, therefore the applicable rules are not only related to the ANP, but also those that recognize the rights of indigenous communities. In this sense, water plays an important role since it is a fundamental resource for the subsistence of these communities, as it not only allows them to access food through the cultivation of land or raising livestock, but it is also linked to a concept of territory, customs and collective identity. In addition, when water runs through an ANP the management established on the master plan becomes overriding for its uses, which may not coincide with the expectations and / or needs of the communities, so in this space applies laws that directly or indirectly regulate the resource use. Then, when the water source of a project is inside an ANP whose purpose is to guarantee the subsistence of a peasant community, the rules and regulations that are applied are those given by the ANA, SERNANP and MINAGRI due to the character of the project. However, before even thinking about the procedure to obtain a right to use water, the prior obligation is the OTPV (compatibility), this is the first step to execute the project, if it is not obtained, the project is not feasible and ends up being denied. This situation implies the tacit denial of the use of water to the community that requests it, thereby violating their human right to water and related rights as right to a dignified life and the rights of indigenous peoples In the present thesis, the case of peasant community of Aquia, located in Ancash, is analyzed to understand how the evaluation of SERNANP was accomplished, which did not consider the human right to water or the rights of indigenous peoples. Based on interviews with key actors, challenges were identified linked to evaluation of SERNANP both the DHA and the right of the communities. Once these challenges were determined, criteria could be established to carry out a differentiated evaluation in similar cases to peasant community of Aquia. In other words, additional technical criteria are proposed in the prior evaluation for delivering OTPV when one or more highland peasant communities are involved. Likewise, a legal analysis was carried out determining that the ratification of various international treaties associated with the DHA, are mandatory, which provide the legal basis to resolve and deliver the OTPV favorable to a project. This was complemented by the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (CIDH) and the United Nations Human Rights Court (CDHNU), which demonstrated that the mentions to Convention 169 and the rights of communities in the law of natural protected areas and the law of water resources, is the fundamental basis for evaluating compatibility requests considering the human right to water and the rights of communities.
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