Factores asociados a hemorragia postparto en puérperas del servicio de obstetricia del Hospital Antonio Lorena del Cusco, 2015-2022

Abstract

El trabajo de investigación tiene como título Factores asociados a hemorragia postparto en puérperas del Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Antonio Lorena del Cusco, 2015- 2022. El objetivo es Identificar los factores asociados a hemorragia postparto en puérperas del servicio de obstetricia del Hospital Antonio Lorena del Cusco, 2015-2022. Metodología: Estudio de alcance explicativo del tipo corte transversal, analítica y observacional; población lo conformaron todas las puérperas que fueron atendidas en el servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Antonio Lorena del Cusco, muestra de 163 pacientes del servicio de obstetricia. Resultados: respecto a los factores maternos asociados a la hemorragia postparto los resultados indicaron que la edad extrema (OR=1.47, IC=1.10- 2.57, p=0.007), el antecedente de atonía del útero (OR=4.03, IC=2.99-5.41, p=0.000), la cesárea previa (OR=2.49, IC=1.68-3.29, p=0.031) y ser gran multípara (OR=15.00, IC=1.13-218.3, p=0.000) se asociaron significativamente con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar hemorragia posparto. Respecto a los factores obstétricos factores obstétricos se demostraron que el inadecuado control prenatal (OR=2.62, IC=1.20-5.71, p=0.000), el alumbramiento incompleto (OR=6.42, IC=3.22-12.81, p=0.000), el desgarro del canal del parto (OR=4.27, IC=1.78-10.24, p=0.000), polihidramnios (OR=2.22, IC=1.82-2.63, p=0.000), la preeclampsia (OR=6.65, IC=2.35-18.83, p=0.000), la placenta previa (OR=2.22, IC=1.82-2.63, p=0.000), y la sepsis (OR=11.38, IC=1.23, p=105.42) son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hemorragia posparto, y por ultimo respecto a los factores fetales se encontró que feto en transverso (OR=2.22, IC=1.82-2.63, p=0.000) se considera un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de hemorragia posparto. Conclusiones: Se encontraron distintos factores maternos, obstétricos y fetales con una asociación estadísticamente significativa para el desarrollo de hemorragia posparto.

The title of the research work is Factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage in postpartum women from the Obstetrics Service of the Antonio Lorena Hospital in Cusco, 2015-2022. The objective is to identify the factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage in postpartum women in the obstetrics service of the Antonio Lorena Hospital in Cusco, 2015-2022. Methodology: Explanatory scope study of the cross- sectional, analytical and observational type; The population was made up of all postpartum women who were treated in the Obstetrics service of the Antonio Lorena Hospital in Cusco, a sample of 163 patients from the obstetrics service. Results: regarding maternal factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage, the results indicated that extreme age (OR=1.47, CI=1.10-2.57, p=0.007), that history of uterine atony (OR=4.03, CI=2.99-5.41, p=0.000), previous cesarean section (OR=2.49, CI=1.68-3.29, p =0.031) and being highly multiparous (OR=15.00, CI=1.13-218.3, p=0.000) were significantly associated with a higher risk of developing postpartum hemorrhage. Regarding obstetric factors, it was demonstrated that uterine atony (OR=4.03, CI=2.99-5.41, p=0.000), inadequate prenatal control (OR=2.62, CI=1.20-5.71, p=0.000), incomplete delivery (OR=6.42, CI=3.22-12.81, p=0.000), birth canal tear (OR=4.27, CI=1.78-10.24, p=0.000), polyhydramnios (OR=2.22, CI=1.82 -2.63, p=0.000), preeclampsia (OR=6.65, CI=2.35-18.83, p=0.000), placenta previa (OR=2.22, CI=1.82-2.63, p=0.000), and sepsis (OR =11.38, CI=1.23, p=105.42) are risk factors for the development of postpartum hemorrhage, and finally with respect to fetal factors it was found that transverse fetus (OR=2.22, CI=1.82-2.63, p=0.000 ) is considered a risk factor for the development of postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusions: Different maternal, obstetric and fetal factors were found with a statistically significant association for the development of postpartum hemorrhage.