Bibliographic citations
Merma, L., (2024). Evaluación de la calidad ecológica de la Bahía de Paracas (Perú, 14°S) usando bioindicadores de los sedimentos: los foraminíferos bentónicos [Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/15253
Merma, L., Evaluación de la calidad ecológica de la Bahía de Paracas (Perú, 14°S) usando bioindicadores de los sedimentos: los foraminíferos bentónicos []. PE: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/15253
@phdthesis{renati/911219,
title = "Evaluación de la calidad ecológica de la Bahía de Paracas (Perú, 14°S) usando bioindicadores de los sedimentos: los foraminíferos bentónicos",
author = "Merma Mora, Lander",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia",
year = "2024"
}
Eutrophication of coastal marine environments is described as an increasing rate of supply of organic matter to the bottom ecosystem. In the coastal area of Pisco-Paracas, Peru, a process of eutrophication induced by organic pollution from the fishmeal industry developed between 1964 and 2004, the effects of which on communities of benthic organisms have not been studied. Currently, Paracas Bay is a shallow marine environment (<15 m deep) in which there are natural conditions of bottom hypoxia, of a poorly described regime, which is habitat for a benthic fauna that is low diverse but tolerant to such conditions. Among benthic organisms, foraminifera (testate protists) represent one of the main dominant groups in oxygen-deficient environments such as the Peruvian coast. Due to their diversity and adaptations to specific environmental conditions, benthic foraminifera are suitable to be used as indicators of the ecological quality of coastal ecosystems. Furthermore, the tests of foraminifera are potentially preserved in the sedimentary record, allowing us to reconstruct the ecological quality of an environment in the past. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological quality of Paracas Bay associated with the eutrophication process induced by the fishmeal industry, by integrating environmental, ecological, and paleo-ecological approach based on benthic foraminifera. For this, specific objectives were addressed in the chapters of this document, such as: the determination of the main factors that control the bottom oxygen regime on time scales using environmental monitoring data (Chapter 2), the characterization of the assemblages of benthic foraminifera, their spatiotemporal variability and associated abiotic factors (Chapters 3 and 4); and finally, historical changes in the organic enrichment of the sediments and the preserved assemblages of benthic foraminifera were evaluated, along with their relationships with the geochemical variability of the sediments in the last 100 years, through the analysis of a sedimentary record from the Paracas Bay (Chapter 5). Between 1964 and 2004, industrial organic pollution in the Pisco-Paracas coastal area induced eutrophic conditions in the environments at the bottom of Paracas Bay, which did not affect, however, the structure of the benthic foraminiferal assemblage of the bay, given that the same dominant species (adapted to tolerate anoxic and sulfurous conditions) characterized the assemblages before, during and after the period of greatest industrial influence. This led to the conclusion that the ecological quality of Paracas Bay was not degraded in that period. However, the sediments of Paracas Bay accumulated more and more organic matter derived from phytoplankton that along with changes associated with other natural or anthropogenic processes, would have caused a recent change in the dominant foraminiferal species (from Bolivina costata to Buliminella elegantissima) reflecting the current severe eutrophic conditions.
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License