Bibliographic citations
Li, A., Oquelis, D. (2024). Frecuencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes de tres instituciones educativas de Lima, Perú durante el año 2022 luego de la pandemia de COVID-19 [Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/15050
Li, A., Oquelis, D. Frecuencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes de tres instituciones educativas de Lima, Perú durante el año 2022 luego de la pandemia de COVID-19 []. PE: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/15050
@misc{renati/911120,
title = "Frecuencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes de tres instituciones educativas de Lima, Perú durante el año 2022 luego de la pandemia de COVID-19",
author = "Oquelis Gonzales, Denisse",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia",
year = "2024"
}
Background: Considering that the COVID-19 pandemic generated an impact in different areas of health in the Peruvian population, an increase in mental health disorders in adolescents could be expected. Adolescence is the last stage with the greatest flexibility to generate a change in the development of a person. However, the interventions developed within the framework of this problem are not enough. Objectives: Determine the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms, assessed with the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS), in adolescents from 3 high schools in Lima Norte during the 2022 school year after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out where the totality of the medical records of the Adolescent Differentiated Care Area (AADA) from the 2022 school year were included. The information was coded to maintain the confidentiality of the participants and was filled out in a database in Google Sheets and was processed in STATA vs 18.0 for analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 458 adolescents from three high schools in Lima, Peru; with an average age of 13.64 years and the majority of participants in early adolescence. The sample was distributed in 359 women (78.38%) and 99 men (21.62%). The GADS was used to evaluate the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms; 183 students (40.22%) had anxiety symptoms and 249 (54.73%) had depression symptoms, with females being the most affected. Of the total, 166 students (36.48%) had symptoms of both diagnoses. The most frequent type of family functionality was mid-extreme range (73.03%). The associated variables for anxiety symptoms were the stages of adolescence (OR = 1.85), female sex (OR = 1.79), family dysfunction (OR = 1.68), suffering from psychological violence (OR = 2.19), presenting evidence of abuse (OR = 1.91), and having an above average level of irritability (OR = 2.67). The protective factors were living with both parents (OR = 0.56) and having an above average level of self-esteem (OR = 0.42). In the case of depression symptoms, the associated variables were the female sex (OR = 1.81), family dysfunction (OR = 1.60), presenting evidence of psychological abuse (OR = 2.30), and a higher than average level of irritability (OR = 2.63) and the protective factors were the level of family cohesion (OR = 0.75) and having above average levels of assertiveness (OR = 0.53) and self-esteem (OR = 0.50). Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms evaluated with the GADS in adolescents was higher than that reported before and during the pandemic. The results found in this study could be explained by the multifactorial component of adolescent development and demonstrate that there is an increase in the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms after the pandemic. As a population that does not have easy access to mental health services, it is important to continue with screening interventions and provide comprehensive care.
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