Construcción y propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para evaluar Enfoques de Enseñanza en Sesiones de Aprendizaje en Instituciones Educativas

Abstract

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo construir y determinar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para evaluar enfoques de enseñanza en las sesiones de aprendizaje en instituciones educativas. El diseño empleado fue instrumental. Se aplicó la técnica del muestreo no probabilístico intencional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 66 profesores de los colegios que aplican Programas Internacionales (OBI). Se elaboró un instrumento para evaluar los enfoques de enseñanza en las sesiones de aprendizaje en base al análisis de las teorías constructivistas y se determinaron sus propiedades psicométricas. Para la validez de contenido se aplicó el criterio de jueces expertos en el tema de estudio, los resultados se analizaron a través de la Prueba Binomial en la que se determinó que las dimensiones, indicadores e ítems del instrumento son adecuados y significativos; y el Coeficiente V de Aiken, que arrojó intervalos de confianza por encima de 0.5 para cada uno de los ítems. La validez de constructo se halló a través de la correlación ítem-test, 21 ítems obtuvieron correlaciones por encima de 0.20. La confiabilidad se calculó con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, donde la mayoría de dimensiones obtuvieron valores entre 0.65 y 0.93, lo que demostró que el instrumento es confiable. Se construyeron las normas de calificación e interpretación del instrumento, en este caso es la aplicación o no de los enfoques de enseñanza en la sesión de aprendizaje. Las implicancias de los resultados han sido discutidas.

The objective of this research was to construct and determine the psychometric properties of an instrument to evaluate teaching approaches in learning sessions in educational institutions. The design used was instrumental. The intentional non-probabilistic sampling technique was applied. The sample consisted of 66 teachers from the schools that apply International Programs (OBI). An instrument was developed to evaluate the teaching approaches in the learning sessions based on the analysis of the constructivist theories and their psychometric properties were determined. For content validity, the criterion of expert judges was applied to the subject of study, the results were analyzed through the Binomial Test in which it was determined that the dimensions, indicators and items of the instrument are adequate and significant; and Coefficient V of Aiken, which gave confidence intervals above 0.5 for each of the items. The construct validity was found through the item-test correlation, 21 items obtained correlations above 0.20. Reliability was calculated with the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, and most dimensions obtained values between 0.65 and 0.93, which showed that the instrument is reliable. The norms of qualification and interpretation of the instrument were built, in this case it is the application or not of the teaching approaches in the learning session. The implications of the results have been discussed.

The objective of this research was to construct and determine the psychometric properties of an instrument to evaluate teaching approaches in learning sessions in educational institutions. The design used was instrumental. The intentional non- probabilistic sampling technique was applied. The sample consisted of 66 teachers from the schools that apply International Programs (OBI). An instrument was developed to evaluate the teaching approaches in the learning sessions based on the analysis of the constructivist theories and their psychometric properties were determined. For content validity, the criterion of expert judges was applied to the subject of study, the results were analyzed through the Binomial Test in which it was determined that the dimensions, indicators and items of the instrument are adequate and significant; and Coefficient V of Aiken, which gave confidence intervals above 0.5 for each of the items. The construct validity was found through the item-test correlation, 21 items obtained correlations above 0.20. Reliability was calculated with the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, and most dimensions obtained values between 0.65 and 0.93, which showed that the instrument is reliable. The norms of qualification and interpretation of the instrument were built, in this case it is the application or not of the teaching approaches in the learning session. The implications of the results have been discussed.