Bibliographic citations
Otiniano, A., (2023). Evaluación hidrogeoquímica de la subcuenca Hornillos Alto para determinar el origen de material contaminante para encontrar zonas aptas de uso agropecuario - Arequipa [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/26604
Otiniano, A., Evaluación hidrogeoquímica de la subcuenca Hornillos Alto para determinar el origen de material contaminante para encontrar zonas aptas de uso agropecuario - Arequipa [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/26604
@misc{renati/712663,
title = "Evaluación hidrogeoquímica de la subcuenca Hornillos Alto para determinar el origen de material contaminante para encontrar zonas aptas de uso agropecuario - Arequipa",
author = "Otiniano Zavala, Alonso",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2023"
}
This work was carried out in the Hornillos Alto - Arequipa sub-basin and integrates geological and anthropic information in order to obtain surface water quality and determine the origin of contaminating sources and areas for agricultural and livestock use by means of univariate and multivariate geo-temporal statistical analysis. The theoretical part was carried out by referencing national and international works related to the following thesis, in addition to conceptual considerations in geology and geomorphology, hydrochemistry, environmental quality standards and statistics. The geology of the sub-basin is mainly composed of volcanic rocks of Cenozoic age (approximately 90%) and Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentation restricted to sporadic outcrops (approximately 10%), emphasizing the importance of volcanic outcrops. The hydrochemical analysis determines for the flood season minor deviation trends in the concentration of major elements and physical-chemical parameters, while the dry season shows an inverse behavior, which indicates that the pollutant load is more active in the dry season. The correlation values of the concentration of heavy elements determine that the polluting sources originate in the lower part of the Apurimac 1 micro-watershed, to a lesser extent in the Apurimac 2 micro-watershed, and no polluting sources are found in the Hornillos micro-watershed. The distributions of the majority elements and the concentrations of potentially contaminating heavy metals are lognormal, and tend to increase during the dry season and decrease during the flood season, after which they move towards medium values. The bivariate and principal component analysis determined associations of high covariance with respect to geological factors of the Tacaza Group and the Labra, Ichocollo, Orcopampa Formations and anthropic factors of the activities carried out in the Apurimac1 micro-watershed that determine possible contaminating sources. Two zones suitable for agricultural use (excellent aquifer quality) were identified, the first in the Hornillos Alto micro-watershed and the second in the upper part of the Apurimac 1 micro-watershed. The Hornillos Alto and Apurimac 1 micro- watersheds do not exceed the quality standards (ECAs) and Hazard Quantite (HQ), in addition, geo-spatially, the multivariable values are classified as moderate to low and the geological balance factors are not associated with detected alteration zones or structures with high faulting, nearby mines or environmental liabilities. Finally, an engineering proposal was made to be able to take action measures in the process of identification at a detailed scale of contaminant sources and the possible remediation process to stop contamination in the sub-basin.
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