Bibliographic citations
Suárez, J., (2022). Diseño de un algoritmo de corte con penetración controlada con bisturí empleando un manipulador robótico [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/24561
Suárez, J., Diseño de un algoritmo de corte con penetración controlada con bisturí empleando un manipulador robótico [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/24561
@mastersthesis{renati/712496,
title = "Diseño de un algoritmo de corte con penetración controlada con bisturí empleando un manipulador robótico",
author = "Suárez Quispe, Juan Carlos",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2022"
}
The aim of this thesis is to design a cutting algorithm with controlled penetration with a scalpel, using a manipulator robot. This algorithm uses the cutting depth as a controlled variable, used to measure the scalpel penetration degree, and as a control signal it uses the angular speed reference sent to the servomotor that generates the vertical movement of the end effector of the manipulator robot. The algorithm also uses multiple constants that depend on the user’s criteria, such as tolerance factors, scaling factors, parameters that define the fuzzy sets, and others. This algorithm was designed to perform vertical cuts with the scalpel on flat soft tissue surfaces and focuses exclusively on controlling the penetration degree of the cuts, so it does not consider the analysis or control of the incision profile made by the scalpel during the incision, since it is not the aim of this research. This work did not include a study of the maximum ranges of achievable controlled cutting depths, using this algorithm; however, the tools used for the tests (scalpel, robot, sample, and others) made it possible to make incisions with cutting depth control references of up to 10mm. This algorithm was developed to control the cutting depth based on information extracted from images taken by a video camera located in a fixed position with a line of sight perpendicular to the scalpel blade. During the tests of the algorithm, the scalpel was hold by the end effector, designed and manufactured for this thesis work, which had the purpose of providing the ability to hold a scalpel to the manipulator robot. The algorithm is conformed of several sub-routines and its operation can be summarized in two stages. In the first, the scalpel penetration degree is estimated and in the second, the control signal is calculated. The estimation of the penetration degree is achieved by detecting the scalpel region within a sub-image extracted from an image taken by the video camera. This sub-image is obtained by locating three visual references placed on the scalpel handle, called color marks. The calculation of the control signal is performed using a PI-fuzzy controller (fuzzy integral proportional controller) in which the control gains, proportional and integral, are calculated using a fuzzy rule machine for each one. That controller was chosen after evaluating the operation of the PID, fuzzy and PI-fuzzy controllers, and finding that only the PID and PI-fuzzy controllers achieve the control specifications by obtaining settling times of less than 90 seconds and maximum percentage overshoots less than 25 %. The evaluation resulted in the choice of the fuzzy-PI controller, due to its greater implementation versatility. The controlled penetration cutting algorithm, performed in a computer program, was used to make controlled penetration cuts with a scalpel, using a manipulator robot. The cut-ting tests were carried out by making incisions with a scalpel on chicken breast samples. This kind of sample (chicken breast) was chosen due to its presence in the bibliography, as soft tissue, and its easy access in the local market. 10 incisions were made for each of the 3 references (5mm, 7.5mm and 10mm), for which a total of 30 tests were performed. The results of the tests showed that percentage relative errors of the controlled cutting depths between -33.00 % and 30.80 % were obtained; values that are similar to those in the literature. For its part, a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89 was obtained, which, being close to 1, showed a strong correlation between the controlled cutting depths obtained from the tests and their respective cutting depth control references. For these reasons, it was concluded that the results obtained from the application of the controlled penetration cutting algorithm were successful and, consequently, the main objective of the thesis was accomplished.
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