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Otero, D., (2021). Comportamiento sísmico de edificaciones de adobe de un nivel influenciados por la relación de aspecto [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22097
Otero, D., Comportamiento sísmico de edificaciones de adobe de un nivel influenciados por la relación de aspecto [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22097
@misc{renati/711634,
title = "Comportamiento sísmico de edificaciones de adobe de un nivel influenciados por la relación de aspecto",
author = "Otero Monteza, Danty Alexander",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2021"
}
Title: Comportamiento sísmico de edificaciones de adobe de un nivel influenciados por la relación de aspecto
Authors(s): Otero Monteza, Danty Alexander
Advisor(s): Díaz Figueroa, Miguel Augusto
Keywords: Edificaciones; Adobe; Comportamiento sísmico; Vibración ambiental
OCDE field: http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.01.01
Issue Date: 2021
Institution: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Abstract: El adobe es uno de los materiales más antiguos usados en la construcción. Desde su origen hasta la actualidad, se han edificado templos, iglesias, viviendas e incluso hospitales. Su principal ventaja es que es un material hecho de tierra, abundante en el medio en el que vivimos. Edificaciones construidas hace cientos de años, siguen de pie hasta la actualidad, si bien es cierto presentando algunos daños, aún permanecen estables. Por otro lado, se conoce la alta vulnerabilidad que presentan estas edificaciones ante sismos, debido principalmente a la baja resistencia del material. Actualmente, debido al silencio sísmico que presentan muchas ciudades del Perú, se requieren evaluar estructuras existentes de adobe para así, conocer su comportamiento sísmico, y en base a ello, plantear reforzamientos estructurales que busquen reducir su vulnerabilidad.
Las edificaciones antiguas o también llamadas históricas, están constituidas por muros de grandes dimensiones, y en general, una dimensión es bastante mayor a las otras dos. Esto dificulta el hecho de llevar a cabo ensayos experimentales en un laboratorio, en donde el tamaño del espécimen y el peso del mismo son una limitante.
Por otra parte, se han desarrollado modelos numéricos en elementos finitos aplicables a materiales compuestos como el adobe. Desde modelos que estudian la interacción entre sus partes (unidad-junta), hasta modelos empleados para representar una edificación completa. Sin embargo, actualmente a nivel ingenieril, no es factible aún emplear este tipo de modelos numéricos, debido principalmente al gran esfuerzo computacional que estas demandan.
El presente estudio nace por la necesidad de evaluar las edificaciones de adobe del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, que datan de la década de 1870, y que además de guardar un pasado histórico, cumplen una función esencial en la sociedad.
Se realizó el ensayo de vibración ambiental a una edificación histórica de adobe perteneciente al Hospital, se elaboró un modelo numérico de la estructura y se estimó las propiedades de los materiales en base a calibraciones. Seguidamente, se estudió la influencia del particular sistema de techo que presentan por lo general las edificaciones históricas, en el comportamiento global de la estructura.
Se empleó el modelo de plasticidad y daño del concreto (Concrete damaged plasticity) para estudiar el comportamiento sísmico de cuatro edificaciones de adobe con diferentes relaciones de aspecto, desde muros de 8 m de longitud, hasta 52 m. Se emplearon además tres registros sísmicos peruanos las cuales fueron escalados a un espectro objetivo. Se determinaron los patrones de agrietamiento de las cuatro edificaciones. Además, se observó una clara dependencia del contenido de frecuencias del sismo con la respuesta dinámica de la estructura. Se observó también, la disminución de las capacidades sísmicas de las estructuras a medida que la relación de aspecto disminuye, y en este mismo sentido, el incremento de la vulnerabilidad sísmica.
Por último, se establecieron consideraciones importantes para la evaluación sísmica de edificaciones compuestas por muros de bajas relaciones de aspecto y adicionalmente, se propone una metodología complementaría para la detección del daño mediante el análisis modal espectral.
The adobe is the oldest used building material in the world. From its origin to the present, temples, churches, houses, and even hospitals have been built. its principal disadvantage is that its main advantage is that it is a material composed of soil, abundant in the environment. Otherwise, the high vulnerability of adobe buildings is known mainly due to the low resistance. Currently, due to the seismic silence that many cities present. It is necessary to evaluate existing adobe structures to know their seismic behavior, and based on this, propose structural reinforcements that seek to reduce their vulnerability. It is necessary to assess existing adobe structures to know their seismic behavior and propose structural reinforcements to reduce their vulnerability. In an experimental test, the size of the specimen and its weight are a limitation, for this reason, carrying out a test in a laboratory to study the seismic behavior of historical buildings is not an alternative. Otherwise, numerical models in finite elements have been developed for composite materials such as adobe. From models that study the interaction between the unit and joint to models used to represent a complete building. However, currently in practical engineering, it is not yet feasible to use this type of numerical model, mainly due to the great computational effort that it demands. The present study arises from the need to assess the Dos de Mayo National Hospital adobe buildings, which date back to the 1870s, and that in addition to preserving a historical past, fulfill an essential function in society Ambient vibration testing was carried out on a historic adobe building of the Hospital, a numerical model of the structure was elaborated and the properties of the materials were estimated based on calibrations. Then, the global influence of the wood roof system in the seismic behavior of the adobe walls was studied. The “Concrete damaged plasticity” model was used to study the seismic behavior of four adobe buildings with different aspect ratios, from 8 meters to 52 meters long walls, and Three Peruvian seismic records were used, which were scaled using to a target spectrum. The cracking patterns of the four buildings were determined. Also, great dependence of the seismic frequencies was observed in the dynamic response. It was also observed the decrease in the seismic capacities of the structures as the aspect ratio decreases, and in this way, the increase of their seismic vulnerability. Finally, important considerations were established for the seismic assessment of buildings composed of walls with low aspect ratios and, additionally, a complementary methodology is proposed for the detection of seismic damage through spectral modal analysis.
The adobe is the oldest used building material in the world. From its origin to the present, temples, churches, houses, and even hospitals have been built. its principal disadvantage is that its main advantage is that it is a material composed of soil, abundant in the environment. Otherwise, the high vulnerability of adobe buildings is known mainly due to the low resistance. Currently, due to the seismic silence that many cities present. It is necessary to evaluate existing adobe structures to know their seismic behavior, and based on this, propose structural reinforcements that seek to reduce their vulnerability. It is necessary to assess existing adobe structures to know their seismic behavior and propose structural reinforcements to reduce their vulnerability. In an experimental test, the size of the specimen and its weight are a limitation, for this reason, carrying out a test in a laboratory to study the seismic behavior of historical buildings is not an alternative. Otherwise, numerical models in finite elements have been developed for composite materials such as adobe. From models that study the interaction between the unit and joint to models used to represent a complete building. However, currently in practical engineering, it is not yet feasible to use this type of numerical model, mainly due to the great computational effort that it demands. The present study arises from the need to assess the Dos de Mayo National Hospital adobe buildings, which date back to the 1870s, and that in addition to preserving a historical past, fulfill an essential function in society Ambient vibration testing was carried out on a historic adobe building of the Hospital, a numerical model of the structure was elaborated and the properties of the materials were estimated based on calibrations. Then, the global influence of the wood roof system in the seismic behavior of the adobe walls was studied. The “Concrete damaged plasticity” model was used to study the seismic behavior of four adobe buildings with different aspect ratios, from 8 meters to 52 meters long walls, and Three Peruvian seismic records were used, which were scaled using to a target spectrum. The cracking patterns of the four buildings were determined. Also, great dependence of the seismic frequencies was observed in the dynamic response. It was also observed the decrease in the seismic capacities of the structures as the aspect ratio decreases, and in this way, the increase of their seismic vulnerability. Finally, important considerations were established for the seismic assessment of buildings composed of walls with low aspect ratios and, additionally, a complementary methodology is proposed for the detection of seismic damage through spectral modal analysis.
Link to repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22097
Discipline: Ingeniería Civil
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil
Grade or title: Ingeniero Civil
Juror: Piqué Del Pozo, Javier Román; Quiroz Torres, Luis Gabriel
Register date: 17-May-2022
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License