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Uriarte, D., (2018). Experimentación de la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir del polietileno de alta densidad [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/17060
Uriarte, D., Experimentación de la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir del polietileno de alta densidad [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/17060
@misc{renati/709863,
title = "Experimentación de la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir del polietileno de alta densidad",
author = "Uriarte Cáceres, Diego Nicolás",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2018"
}
Title: Experimentación de la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir del polietileno de alta densidad
Authors(s): Uriarte Cáceres, Diego Nicolás
Advisor(s): Pretell Huamán, Víctor Hugo
Keywords: Combustibles líquidos; Residuos de polietileno
Issue Date: 2018
Institution: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Abstract: Los plásticos representan un porcentaje importante de los residuos sólidos generados en ciudades, en consecuencia, es importante evaluar métodos para su disposición y/o su puesta en valor. Esta investigación estudia la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de residuos de polietileno de alta densidad mediante el uso de procesos de pirólisis térmica y catalítica.
Para las pruebas experimentales, se utilizó polietileno de alta densidad post-urbano previamente lavado, cortado y tamizado en tamaños de 2-4 mm, 4 – 6 mm y 6 – 8 mm. Las pruebas se llevaron a cabo en un reactor tubular vertical a vacío con sistema de condensación de productos. Se operó a temperaturas de reactor de 530ºC, 560ºC y 590ºC, variando el tamaño de partícula en los tres tamaños indicados. Se repitieron las condiciones de mayor rendimiento de líquido para evaluar el efecto de un catalizador. Se añadió 5 gramos de catalizador de equilibrio de FCC de una refinería local.
Las condiciones que maximizan la producción de combustible líquido en este estudio fueron: presión de 34.7 kPa abs, 20ºC/min de velocidad de calentamiento, tamaño de partícula de 4-6 mm, temperatura de horno de 1000ºC y temperatura de reactor de 560ºC. Los rendimientos obtenidos fueron: 89% líquidos, 7% gases y 3% sólidos. El uso de catalizador disminuyó el rendimiento de producto líquido, pero mejoró las propiedades de transporte tales como viscosidad y punto de fluidez.
En conclusión, se determinaron condiciones que permiten obtener un combustible líquido similar al diésel fósil a partir del pirólisis del polietileno. El uso de catalizador brinda un producto con mayor rendimiento de gasolina en detrimento de diésel, pero en ambos casos, el producto no puede ser utilizado directamente como combustible automotriz sin procesamiento adicional.
Plastics represent an important share in the solid waste generated by cities, and as consequence, it is important to evaluate methods that allow their disposal and/or valorization. This work studies the production of liquid fuels from high density polyethylene recover from post-consumer plastics, through the use of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. For the experimental work, post-urban high density polyethylene washed was used, cut and sieved in sizes 2-4 mm, 4-6 mm and 6-8 mm. The tests were carried out in a tubular vertical reactor operated in vacuum and with a condensation system for the products. Three reactor temperatures were used (530, 560 and 590ºC), varying the size of particle between those indicated. From all tests, the conditions that produced the highest yield were replicated to include the effect of adding a catalyst. 5 grams of FCC equilibrium catalyst from a local refinery was used. The operating conditions that provided the maximum yield among those studied were a pressure of 34.7 kPa abs, 20ºC/min heating rate, particle size of 4-6 mm, furnace temperature of 1000ºC and reactor temperature of 560ºC. The yields were 89% liquid, 7% gases and 3% solids. The use of catalyst reduced the yield of liquid product but it improved the transport properties such as viscosity and pour point. In conclusion, the conditions that allow the production of a liquid fuel similar to diesel were found. The use of catalyst provided a product with higher yield of gasoline instead of diesel, but in both cases, it cannot be directly used as a motor fuel in replacement of refinery fuel.
Plastics represent an important share in the solid waste generated by cities, and as consequence, it is important to evaluate methods that allow their disposal and/or valorization. This work studies the production of liquid fuels from high density polyethylene recover from post-consumer plastics, through the use of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. For the experimental work, post-urban high density polyethylene washed was used, cut and sieved in sizes 2-4 mm, 4-6 mm and 6-8 mm. The tests were carried out in a tubular vertical reactor operated in vacuum and with a condensation system for the products. Three reactor temperatures were used (530, 560 and 590ºC), varying the size of particle between those indicated. From all tests, the conditions that produced the highest yield were replicated to include the effect of adding a catalyst. 5 grams of FCC equilibrium catalyst from a local refinery was used. The operating conditions that provided the maximum yield among those studied were a pressure of 34.7 kPa abs, 20ºC/min heating rate, particle size of 4-6 mm, furnace temperature of 1000ºC and reactor temperature of 560ºC. The yields were 89% liquid, 7% gases and 3% solids. The use of catalyst reduced the yield of liquid product but it improved the transport properties such as viscosity and pour point. In conclusion, the conditions that allow the production of a liquid fuel similar to diesel were found. The use of catalyst provided a product with higher yield of gasoline instead of diesel, but in both cases, it cannot be directly used as a motor fuel in replacement of refinery fuel.
Link to repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/17060
Discipline: Ingeniería Petroquímica
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería de Petróleo, Gas Natural y Petroquímica
Grade or title: Ingeniero Petroquímico
Register date: 12-Apr-2019
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License