Evaluación y propuesta de mitigación de efluentes de aguas ácidas de Cantera de Caolín

Abstract

El presente trabajo de investigación se ha desarrollado en base a un problema de contaminación ambiental a causa de efluentes de aguas ácidas emitidas en forma natural en una zona de caolinización de cerca de 1,5 Has. donde existen tres puntos emisiones de aguas ácidas, las cuales fueron halladas al realizar tajos de exploración preliminar por caolín en la zona de Huando- Huancavelica, entre los límites de los cuadrángulos 26-m y 26-n. La caracterización geoquímica de las aguas y sedimentos monitoreados, indicaron que pueden causar grandes impactos sobre las aguas , suelos y flora y fauna por lo que se hace la propuesta de un proyecto de tratamiento de estos efluentes por el proceso de neutralización con cal cuyos resultados dieron aguas de calidad potable que cumplen en demasía con los Estándares Nacionales de Calidad Ambiental de Aguas (Decreto Supremo Nº 002-2008-MINAM) llegando a lograr eficiencias de remoción mayores a 90 %. Todo el trabajo de Tesis lo realicé en el Laboratorio de ESPECTROMETRIA y el INSTITUTO DE MINERIA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE de la FIGMM-UNI El trabajo incluye además la definición de las características de diseño de las pozas de tratamiento de los efluentes de acuerdo a las características de la zona; diseño de la zona de disposición de los lodos productos de la neutralización, así como el plan de cierre del mismo y los costos de cada etapa como un proyecto alternativo para la mitigación de este problema ambiental.

This research work has been developed based on an environmental pollution problem caused by acid water effluents emitted naturally in kaolinization area of about 1.5 hectares. There are three points where emissions of acid water, which were found to carry out preliminary exploration pits in the area kaolin Huando-Huancavelica, within the limits of the quads 26-m 26-n. The geochemical characteristics of monitored waters and sediments indicated that can cause major impacts on water, soil and flora and fauna as the proposal is a draft of the wastewater treatment by lime neutralization process whose results were drinking quality water too much to meet National Environmental Quality Standards Water (Supreme Decree N º 002-2008-MINAM) arriving to achieve removal efficiencies above 90%. All thesis work is undertaken at the Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and the INSTITUTE OF MINING AND ENVIRONMENT of FIGMM-UNI The work includes defining the design characteristics of the pools of effluent treatment according to the characteristics of the area, zone design of the sludge disposal of the neutralization product and the end of the plan and costs of each stage as an alternative to mitigate this environmental problem.

This research work has been developed based on an environmental pollution problem caused by acid water effluents emitted naturally in kaolinization area of about 1.5 hectares. There are three points where emissions of acid water, which were found to carry out preliminary exploration pits in the area kaolin Huando-Huancavelica, within the limits of the quads 26-m 26-n. The geochemical characteristics of monitored waters and sediments indicated that can cause major impacts on water, soil and flora and fauna as the proposal is a draft of the wastewater treatment by lime neutralization process whose results were drinking quality water too much to meet National Environmental Quality Standards Water (Supreme Decree N º 002-2008-MINAM) arriving to achieve removal efficiencies above 90%. All thesis work is undertaken at the Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and the INSTITUTE OF MINING AND ENVIRONMENT of FIGMM-UNI The work includes defining the design characteristics of the pools of effluent treatment according to the characteristics of the area, zone design of the sludge disposal of the neutralization product and the end of the plan and costs of each stage as an alternative to mitigate this environmental problem.