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Sánchez, G., Rivera, J. (2012). Electrificación rural con fines productivos y el ingreso familiar [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/1478
Sánchez, G., Rivera, J. Electrificación rural con fines productivos y el ingreso familiar [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/1478
@mastersthesis{renati/704793,
title = "Electrificación rural con fines productivos y el ingreso familiar",
author = "Rivera Rodríguez, José Pablo",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2012"
}
Title: Electrificación rural con fines productivos y el ingreso familiar
Advisor(s): Amaya Neira, Víctor Alejandro
Keywords: Electrificación rural; Desarrollo socioeconómico; Mínimos cuadrados ordinarios; Ingreso familiar
Issue Date: 2012
Institution: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Abstract: Es indiscutible que la Electrificación Rural es imprescindible para el desarrollo humano y la eliminación de la pobreza, al posibilitar el alumbrado, la refrigeración, el funcionamiento de electrodomésticos y equipos que permitan dar valor agregado a la producción básica e incentivar las potencialidades de las poblaciones rurales.
En ese sentido, al observar el gran esfuerzo del Estado de ampliar la frontera eléctrica a favor de poblaciones con bajos niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico y alto nivel de pobreza, motivó el desarrollo del presente estudio de investigación denominado “Electrificación Rural con fines productivos y el Ingreso Familiar” que busca medir la contribución en el ingreso familiar del uso y consumo de energía eléctrica.
Para ello se definió como objetivo determinar ¿De qué manera el uso de energía eléctrica con fines productivos contribuye en el ingreso de una familia rural? y ¿De qué manera el mayor consumo de energía eléctrica contribuye en el ingreso de una familia rural?
La hipótesis a comprobar es “La electrificación rural con fines productivos y un mayor consumo de energía eléctrica afectan positivamente el ingreso familiar”.
Se utilizó el Modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios, y se eligieron dos grupos poblacionales, una que corresponde a 10 localidades del distrito de Quinua - departamento de Ayacucho, donde se efectuó el levantamiento de información a través de 255 encuestas, y la otra corresponde a 14 localidades del distrito de la Encañada, provincia y departamento de Cajamarca, donde se efectuó 82 encuestas de campo.
El estudio de investigación es del tipo “correlacional”, no experimental transversal, en la que se busca definir cómo se relacionan o vinculan diversos fenómenos entre sí, o si por el contrario no existe relación entre ellos, siendo la variable dependiente el “ingreso familiar” y cómo se relaciona con las actividades Agricultura, Ganadería, Uso Productivo de la electricidad y el Consumo de electricidad.
Como resultado del análisis se obtuvo que el acceso a la electricidad tiene un impacto positivo en las familias, hagan o no un Uso productivo. Aquella familia rural que hace Uso de la electricidad con fines productivos tiene un ingreso económico adicional de S/. 155,63 frente aquella familia que no hace Uso productivo, como se demuestra en el caso de Quinua; mientras que en la Encañada la diferencia es de S/. 185,61.
Asimismo, un mayor Consumo de energía tiene un impacto positivo en el nivel de ingreso; es decir por cada KWh que consume una familia de Quinua le genera S/. 2,85 más; y en el caso de la Encañada es de S/. 3,69.
Por consiguiente, además de los beneficios tradicionales de la electricidad, las familias que hacen Uso productivo tienen un mayor beneficio frente aquellas familias que no lo hacen. Sin embargo el número de familias que hacen uso, no es significativo pues según los casos analizados solo alcanza el 16% de la población encuestada. Por ello es prioritario que el Estado promocione el Uso productivo de la Electrificación Rural y no se limite únicamente a extender la red eléctrica sin tomar en cuenta el dimensionamiento requerido para usos productivos. De este modo logrará que los sistemas por sí solos sean sostenibles social, ambiental y económicamente, cubriendo sus costos de capital, operación y mantenimiento.
Rural Electrification must be one of the most important issues for human development, and consequently the eradication of poverty. By allowing people to light their homes, refrigerate their food, and use the wider range of home appliances and equipment that lets them provide value added to their basic production, this way promoting the potentials of rural populations. Recognizing the efforts made by the Peruvian Government by expanding the electric frontier in favor of the poor population (most of whom are below the national poverty level), has motivated this research “Rural Electrification for productive and household Income.” This study will measure how electricity use and consumption have contributed to improve household incomes. The main objective of this study is to find how the use of electricity with productive ends has contributed to improve the household income within a rural family. In addition, we ask how an increase on electricity consumption contributes to improve the household income within a rural family? The hypothesis is if the electrification with productive ends and a higher consumption of electricity in rural areas affect positively the household income. We used the Ordinary Least Square model, and two Andean communities were selected to carry on this research. The first group gathers ten localities from the district of Quinua in the Ayacucho Region. There we collected information from 255 families. The second group gathers fourteen locations in the district of Encañada, which is in the Region of Cajamarca. Here 82 families participated in our survey. This research is correlational, cross-sectional and non experimental and aims to find how diverse phenomena are linked or related; or if there is no relation among them. The dependent variable is “household income” and we analyze how it relates to activities like agriculture, livestock; as well as the productive use of electricity and electricity consumption. The analysis revealed that the access to electricity has a positive impact on the analyzed families, no matter if there is or not a productive use. A rural family in Quinua which uses electricity for productive ends has an additional economic income of US$ 58,93 against a family that does not make a productive use. In the case of Encañada the difference between these two types of families is US$ 70,28. In addition, a higher energy consumption has a positive impact on the income level, so for every kWh consumed by a family in Quinua raises the family income by US$ 1,08, while in Encañada raises US$ 1,40 more per family. In consequence, along with the traditional benefits of electricity, those families who make a productive use have a greater profit than those families who do not. Nevertheless, the number of families doing a productive use is small. The gathered data shows that the productive use of electricity within households only reaches 16% of the population. It is for this reason that the government should have as a priority the promotion for productive use and not only provide access for electricity usage. This will promote and achieve, in the long term, the sustainability of the electric system at a social, environmental and economic level. Finally, this will allow the recovery of the investment done, as well as the operation and maintenance costs of the electric system in rural communities.
Rural Electrification must be one of the most important issues for human development, and consequently the eradication of poverty. By allowing people to light their homes, refrigerate their food, and use the wider range of home appliances and equipment that lets them provide value added to their basic production, this way promoting the potentials of rural populations. Recognizing the efforts made by the Peruvian Government by expanding the electric frontier in favor of the poor population (most of whom are below the national poverty level), has motivated this research “Rural Electrification for productive and household Income.” This study will measure how electricity use and consumption have contributed to improve household incomes. The main objective of this study is to find how the use of electricity with productive ends has contributed to improve the household income within a rural family. In addition, we ask how an increase on electricity consumption contributes to improve the household income within a rural family? The hypothesis is if the electrification with productive ends and a higher consumption of electricity in rural areas affect positively the household income. We used the Ordinary Least Square model, and two Andean communities were selected to carry on this research. The first group gathers ten localities from the district of Quinua in the Ayacucho Region. There we collected information from 255 families. The second group gathers fourteen locations in the district of Encañada, which is in the Region of Cajamarca. Here 82 families participated in our survey. This research is correlational, cross-sectional and non experimental and aims to find how diverse phenomena are linked or related; or if there is no relation among them. The dependent variable is “household income” and we analyze how it relates to activities like agriculture, livestock; as well as the productive use of electricity and electricity consumption. The analysis revealed that the access to electricity has a positive impact on the analyzed families, no matter if there is or not a productive use. A rural family in Quinua which uses electricity for productive ends has an additional economic income of US$ 58,93 against a family that does not make a productive use. In the case of Encañada the difference between these two types of families is US$ 70,28. In addition, a higher energy consumption has a positive impact on the income level, so for every kWh consumed by a family in Quinua raises the family income by US$ 1,08, while in Encañada raises US$ 1,40 more per family. In consequence, along with the traditional benefits of electricity, those families who make a productive use have a greater profit than those families who do not. Nevertheless, the number of families doing a productive use is small. The gathered data shows that the productive use of electricity within households only reaches 16% of the population. It is for this reason that the government should have as a priority the promotion for productive use and not only provide access for electricity usage. This will promote and achieve, in the long term, the sustainability of the electric system at a social, environmental and economic level. Finally, this will allow the recovery of the investment done, as well as the operation and maintenance costs of the electric system in rural communities.
Link to repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/1478
Discipline: Maestría en Ciencias con Mención en Proyectos de Inversión
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería Económica, Estadística y Ciencias Sociales. Unidad de Posgrado
Grade or title: Maestro en Ciencias con Mención en Proyectos de Inversión
Register date: 9-Jan-2016
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