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Maldonado, V., (2005). Uso de wetlands para el tratamiento y reuso de aguas residuales domésticas [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/641
Maldonado, V., Uso de wetlands para el tratamiento y reuso de aguas residuales domésticas [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/641
@mastersthesis{renati/703980,
title = "Uso de wetlands para el tratamiento y reuso de aguas residuales domésticas",
author = "Maldonado Yactayo, Víctor Antonio",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2005"
}
Title: Uso de wetlands para el tratamiento y reuso de aguas residuales domésticas
Authors(s): Maldonado Yactayo, Víctor Antonio
Advisor(s): Ilave Antayhua, Vilma Florisa
Issue Date: 2005
Institution: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Abstract: El tratamiento de aguas residuales mediante humedales construidos es un sistema de tratamiento que promueve el uso sostenible de recursos hídricos de tal manera que permite aprovechar los nutrientes de las aguas residuales para el crecimiento de plantas emergentes que tienen un potencial económico y logran producir un efluente que puede ser utilizado sin contaminar el medio ambiente. En la presente investigación la totora alcanzó una altura promedio máxima de 2,50 m a los tres meses, con una tasa promedio de crecimiento semanal de 0,21 m. El valor máximo de caudal evaluado fue de 0,35 l/s, el valor mínimo fue de 0,12 l/s y el promedio fue de 0,25 l/s. La carga orgánica aplicada máxima de DBO5 fue de 250,00 mg/L y de DQO fue de 500,00 mg/L, para los que se obtuvo una eficiencia de remoción máxima del orden de 93% y 97% respectivamente. Con respecto a la eficiencia de remoción de turbiedad, esta varió entre 50% y 97% en términos de turbiedad en un periodo de un año de investigación. Los sólidos suspendidos totales (SST) en el ingreso al sistema presentaron valores entre 64,00 mg/l y 16mg/l, mientras que los SST a la salida del sistema reportó valores entre 23,33 mg/l y 2 mg/l, siendo la eficiencia de remoción máxima reportada de 94%. Los sólidos suspendidos volátiles (SSV) en el ingreso al sistema presentaron valores entre 46,00 mg/l y 11 mg/l, y en la salida del sistema valores entre 20 mg/l y 3 mg/l, siendo la eficiencia de remoción máxima reportada de 89%. La alcalinidad en el ingreso al sistema presentó valores entre 255 mg CaCOj/l y 138,24 mg CaCOj/l, mientras que a la salida del sistema valores entre 387,5 mg/l CaC03 y 176 mg /ICaCO3, El fósforo total en el ingreso al sistema presentan valores entre 4,38 mg/l y 0.807mg/l, mientras que a la salida entre 5,325 mg/l y 0,513 mg/l, siendo la eficiencia de remoción máxima reportada de 99,9%. La concentración de fósforos solubles en el ingreso al sistema varió entre 4,906 mg/l y 0,478mg/l, mientras que a la salida del sistema valores entre 4,58 mg/l y 0,427mg/l. siendo la eficiencia de remoción máxima reportada de 81%. El N-Amoniacal (NH3) a la salida del sistema reportó valores entre 26 mg/l y 6,75 mg/l mientras que el N-Kjeldahl (N2) a la salida varió entre 31,00 mg/l y 8,99 mg/l, siendo la eficiencia de remoción máxima reportada de 48%. Asimismo, en los análisis bacteriológicos se tuvo una eficiencia de 99,8992% en la reducción de coliformes termotolerantes, siendo el máximo valor cuando se operó en la planta con una carga aplicada en el afluente de DB05 de 134 mg/l {y un caudal en el afluente de 0,25 l/s. Los análisis de parásitos reportaron en promedio una eficiencia del orden del 100% en la remoción de huevos de parásitos como ascaroideos (100%), Hymenolepis nana (100%), Trichuris Trichiura (100%) y áscaris lumbricoides (100%).
Finalmente es posible obtener beneficios económicos mediante la elaboración de productos con totora y además es una alternativa de tratamiento de aguas residuales para pequeños sistemas principalmente en zonas rurales, campamentos mineros, lugares donde sistemas convencionales no pueden ser aplicables como es el caso de zonas con napa freática alta, sistemas de tratamiento provisionales entre otros. Asimismo, es un sistema que tiene un mínimo costo de operación y mantenimiento.
Wastewater treatment trough constructed wetlands is a treatment system that promotes the sustainable use of water resources allowing the use of present nutrients ¡n wastewater for growing emergent plants which can have an economical potential valué and produce an effluent which can have an agricultura! use without polluting the environment. In the current research “The Totora“ reached an average height of 2.50 m during three months, and a weekly grow rate of 0,21 m. The máximum flow measured was 0,35 l/s, the smallest flow was 0,12 l/s and the average flow was 0,25l/s. The máximum organic load rate assessed was 250mg/l in terms of BOD and 500 mg/l in terms of COD, it means a removal efficiency variation from 93% to 97% respectively. Turbidity removal efficiencies varied from 50% to 97% during a period of one year. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the influent varied from 64,00 mg/l to 16,00 mg/l and showed valúes from 23,33 mg/l to 2 mg/l in the effluent, therefore the highest TSS efficiency removal was 94%. Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in the inlet had a variation from 46,00 mg/l to 11 mg/l and in the effluent values from 20mg/l to 3 mg/l, then the highest efficiency reported was 89%. The alkalinity in the influent varied from 255,00 mg CaCOj/l and 138,24 mg CaCOs/l, while in the effluent valúes varied from 387,5 mg/l CaC03to 176 mg/ICaCO3. The total Phosphorus in the inlet of the system varied from 4,38 mg/l to 0,807mg/l, while in the effluent varied from 5,325 mg/l and 0,513 mg/l, therefore the highest Phosphorus removal efficiency was 99,9%. The soluble phosphorus concentration in the inlet varied from 4,906 mg/l to 0,478mg/l, while in the effluent varied from 4,58 mg/l to 0,427mg/l. therefore the highest removal efficiency was 81%. The ammonia concentration (NH3) in the effluent varied from 26 mg/l to 6,75 mg/l while ammonium expressed as N-Kjeldahl (N2) in the effluent varied from 39,50 mg/l to 19 mg/l, and the highest ammonia removal efficiency reported was 33%. Regarding to bacteriological analysis the efficiency removal of termotolerant coliformes was 99,8992%. The highest applied load of termotolerant coliforms was obtained when the BOD concentration in the influent was 134 mg/l and the flow was 0,25 l/s. Helminths removal efficiency was 100% and they were expressed as ascaroideos (100%), Hymenolepis nana (100%), Trichuris Trichiura (100%) and Ascaris Lumbricoides (100%) helmints eggs. Finally it is possible to obtain economical benefits once producís made of Totora are sold. Moreover it is an alternative of wastewater treatment which can be applied to small rural áreas, mine locations, and places where conventional systems could not be applied for example locations where the water layer from underground is very cióse or provisional systems among others. Likewise, it is a system which has a low cost of operation and maintenance.
Wastewater treatment trough constructed wetlands is a treatment system that promotes the sustainable use of water resources allowing the use of present nutrients ¡n wastewater for growing emergent plants which can have an economical potential valué and produce an effluent which can have an agricultura! use without polluting the environment. In the current research “The Totora“ reached an average height of 2.50 m during three months, and a weekly grow rate of 0,21 m. The máximum flow measured was 0,35 l/s, the smallest flow was 0,12 l/s and the average flow was 0,25l/s. The máximum organic load rate assessed was 250mg/l in terms of BOD and 500 mg/l in terms of COD, it means a removal efficiency variation from 93% to 97% respectively. Turbidity removal efficiencies varied from 50% to 97% during a period of one year. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the influent varied from 64,00 mg/l to 16,00 mg/l and showed valúes from 23,33 mg/l to 2 mg/l in the effluent, therefore the highest TSS efficiency removal was 94%. Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in the inlet had a variation from 46,00 mg/l to 11 mg/l and in the effluent values from 20mg/l to 3 mg/l, then the highest efficiency reported was 89%. The alkalinity in the influent varied from 255,00 mg CaCOj/l and 138,24 mg CaCOs/l, while in the effluent valúes varied from 387,5 mg/l CaC03to 176 mg/ICaCO3. The total Phosphorus in the inlet of the system varied from 4,38 mg/l to 0,807mg/l, while in the effluent varied from 5,325 mg/l and 0,513 mg/l, therefore the highest Phosphorus removal efficiency was 99,9%. The soluble phosphorus concentration in the inlet varied from 4,906 mg/l to 0,478mg/l, while in the effluent varied from 4,58 mg/l to 0,427mg/l. therefore the highest removal efficiency was 81%. The ammonia concentration (NH3) in the effluent varied from 26 mg/l to 6,75 mg/l while ammonium expressed as N-Kjeldahl (N2) in the effluent varied from 39,50 mg/l to 19 mg/l, and the highest ammonia removal efficiency reported was 33%. Regarding to bacteriological analysis the efficiency removal of termotolerant coliformes was 99,8992%. The highest applied load of termotolerant coliforms was obtained when the BOD concentration in the influent was 134 mg/l and the flow was 0,25 l/s. Helminths removal efficiency was 100% and they were expressed as ascaroideos (100%), Hymenolepis nana (100%), Trichuris Trichiura (100%) and Ascaris Lumbricoides (100%) helmints eggs. Finally it is possible to obtain economical benefits once producís made of Totora are sold. Moreover it is an alternative of wastewater treatment which can be applied to small rural áreas, mine locations, and places where conventional systems could not be applied for example locations where the water layer from underground is very cióse or provisional systems among others. Likewise, it is a system which has a low cost of operation and maintenance.
Link to repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/641
Discipline: Maestría en Ciencias con Mención en Tratamiento de Aguas y Reúso de Desechos
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental. Unidad de Posgrado
Grade or title: Maestro en Ciencias con Mención en Tratamiento de Aguas y Reúso de Desechos
Register date: 4-Sep-2013
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