?Resistencia Antimicrobiana de bacterias del g?nero Vibrio en langostino blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei) en centros de cultivo de la regi?n Tumbes?

Abstract

En la presente investigaci?n, se identific? fenot?picamente la resistencia antimicrobiana hacia 5 antibi?ticos usados en acuicultura langostinera, por parte de especies del g?nero Vibrio. El estudio fue del tipo transversal, descriptivo y observacional. Se colectaron 130 langostinos, procedentes de 17 centros de producci?n de la regi?n Tumbes, identific?ndose 57 cepas mediante bioqu?mica presuntiva como Vibrio spp. Se realizaron dos pruebas bioqu?micas para la diferenciaci?n a nivel de especies: Fermentaci?n de la Sacarosa y Halotolerancia, obteni?ndose: 8 cepas de Vibrio cholerae, 3 cepas de V. mimicus, 11 cepas de V. harveyi, 8 cepas de V. vulnificus, 11 cepas de V. parahaemolyticus y 16 cepas de V. alginolyticus. En los antibiogramas realizados mediante la t?cnica placa-disco, Ampicilina fue el antibi?tico que m?s resistencia presentaba (47%), seguido del Cloranfenicol (19%) y Tetraciclina (16%), mientras que Sulfametoxazol + Trimetoprim presentaba alta sensibilidad (95%) pero tambi?n resistencia (3%), adem?s de Ciprofloxacino (93% de cepas sensibles) pero sin resistencia. Seg?n el perfil de resistencia, Ampicilina fue el antibi?tico que m?s monoresistencia present? (16 cepas), y en cuanto a la resistencia m?ltiple, Ampicilina y Cloranfenicol presentaron 4 cepas con este perfil fenot?pico. El estudio concluye que hay un bajo riesgo de desarrollo de resistencia antimicrobiana en la acuicultura langostinera, por parte de especies pat?genas del g?nero Vibrio, pero que debe de ser monitoreado epidemiol?gicamente, dado que se trata de antibi?ticos de amplio espectro. In the present investigation, antimicrobial resistance was identified phenotypically to 5 antibiotics used in shrimp aquaculture, by species of the genus Vibrio. The study was of the transversal, descriptive and observational type. 130 white shrimps were collected from 17 production centers in the Tumbes region, identifying 57 strains by presumptive biochemistry such as Vibrio spp. Two biochemical tests were carried out for differentiation at the species level: Fermentation of Sucrose and Halotolerance, obtaining: 8 strains of Vibrio cholerae, 3 strains of V. mimicus, 11 strains of V. harveyi, 8 strains of V. vulnificus, 11 strains of V. parahaemolyticus and 16 strains of V. alginolyticus. In the antibiograms performed using the plate-disc technique, Ampicillin was the antibiotic with the highest resistance (47%), followed by Chloramphenicol (19%) and Tetracycline (16%), while Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim showed high sensitivity (95%). but also resistance (3%), in addition to Ciprofloxacin (93% of sensitive strains) but without resistance. According to the resistance profile, Ampicillin was the antibiotic that showed more monoresistance (16 strains), and in terms of multiple resistance, Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol presented 4 strains with this phenotypic profile. The study concludes that there is a low risk of development of antimicrobial resistance in shrimp aquaculture by pathogenic species of the genus Vibrio, but that it should be monitored periodically, given that it is broad-spectrum antibiotics.