Bibliographic citations
Ccama, G., (2024). Morphological and tribological evaluation of the use of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2MAX Phases as a surgical AISI 304 stainless steel coating for a future hip replacement femoral head coating [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/27003
Ccama, G., Morphological and tribological evaluation of the use of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2MAX Phases as a surgical AISI 304 stainless steel coating for a future hip replacement femoral head coating []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2024. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/27003
@misc{renati/530273,
title = "Morphological and tribological evaluation of the use of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2MAX Phases as a surgical AISI 304 stainless steel coating for a future hip replacement femoral head coating",
author = "Ccama Castro, Gianella Alexandra",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2024"
}
The hip is one of the most known ball-and-socket joint is formed by the head of the femur, seated in the pelvis (acetabulum). In the last couple of decades, total hip replacement (THR) has been a highly successful surgical intervention. Unfortunaly, Peru does not have a national registry like the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. However, based on record from the 5 years prior to 2020, in average an anual admission of between 20-70 patient per hospital level II-2 or III-1 are reported. The revision of the hip joint implant indicates the end of the successful replacement surgery and announces a return to symptoms that frequently much outweigh those of the initial condition. The main reasons recorded were: infection and inflammation (20.1%), instability (18.3%), aseptic loosening (15.9%), mechanical complications (14.9%), among others. In this context, biotribology studies the interactions of surfaces in contact under relative motion in biological systems. To reduce material loss, a layer of lubricant might be applied to prevent direct contact. Due to the increase of patients younger than 30 years, who require implants that do not limit their activities and last longer than 10 years, research continues on new safe metallic or ceramic implant coatings under tribological and corrosive behavior evaluations to reduce the possibility of a short-term revision that sets back the patient rehabilitation. In this context, this thesis submits an alternative for solid lubricants as coatings on the femoral head of hip implants. This thesis has two main purposes. First, it is a revision of the current advances in coating technology for tribological improvements in hip replacement materials. This is done mostly by reviewing the results on different tribometers set-ups. Secondly, it presents the first successful attempt on creating a coating of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 coatings over a stainless steel substrate. The structural and morphological characterization of these coatings was performed by techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results evidence a significant formation of MAX phases over a AISI 304 stainless steel substrate with a diffusion barrier of SixNy. These samples were subsequently tested by a tribometer ball-on-flat in to find out if the Coefficient of Friction (COF) was affected. The 6 configurations worked were a combination of 3 forces (0.16 N, 0.8 N and 1.6 N) with 2 speeds (2mms−1 and 10mms−1) against a 4mm diameter ball of AISI 52100 for 15 minutes. The results were promising, as in all conditions tested, Ti3AlC2 had a COF around 0.13. The Ti2AlC coating on AISI 304 had similar values to uncoated AISI 304 at high forces (COF between 0.7 and 0.75), but as the speed and thus the stroke increased, the Ti2AlC had a more stable COF around 0.72 for all forces. In general, the COF was reduced in the long term for the specimens with Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 coatings compared to uncoated AISI 304. For the characterization of the tracks left after the tribological test, SEM-EDX was used for a linescan of the composition of a crossection of tracks and point analysis of points around the border of the track (where the ball changes its direction). Also Raman spectroscpy was used to characterize the by products around the tracks with higher forces applied (1.6 N). The Ti2AlC had visible marks and high wear of the coating, with the only exception of the track at 2mms−1 and 0.16 N. The Ti3AlC2 had the least visible marks, and only at low speed and high force (2mms−1 and 1.6 N) there was wear of the coating. In general, most of the debris in the results of the elemental analysis came from from the ball counterpart of AISI 52100. In conclusion, there were promising results on the reduction of COF values from both Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 coatings. Specially of Ti3AlC2, since it had the least particles formation and coating wear with a COF lower than commercial hip replacement materials even without lubrication. In the future work, the used of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 coatings must be follow up by the studied of these coating biocompatibility behavior and osteointegration. To verified is used in clinical application, an analysis over a commercial hip implant and tribocorrosive test should be carried out.
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