La valoración de la prueba ilícita en el proceso laboral

Abstract

El artículo aborda la prueba ilícita en el proceso laboral, “La prueba” es una figura que se aplica todo tipo de procesos, civiles, penales, constitucionales, administrativos públicos o privados, pasando al contencioso administrativo, hasta el proceso laboral, incluso arbitral. En todo tipo de proceso se aplica la Prueba. Es conveniente indicar, que se desarrolla como núcleo central criterios conformantes a la calificación de la prueba ilícita dentro los procesos laborales. En el procesal laboral, si bien existe una regulación de la prueba contenida en el subcapítulo VI denominada “Actividad probatoria”, articulo 21 hasta 29 de la nueva ley procesal del trabajo; donde no existe norma propia que desarrolle la prueba ilícita dentro la legislación laboral. De modo que, identificaremos criterios predominantes que los jueces laborales deben tener al referirse de la admisión de validez y eficacia de la “prueba ilícita”, en el proceso laboral. Por tanto, se expone como problema principal, criterios para determinar una prueba ilícita en el proceso laboral; asimismo como problema específico formas que repercute los criterios de la prueba ilícita en el proceso laboral; de la misma manera se justifica de forma práctica, adecuando criterios sobre la prueba ilícita, agregando una nueva forma de evaluar los medios probatorios. Finalmente, se deberá tener presente criterios de la prueba ilícita en aplicación del proceso laboral, posturas que pueden aplicar al proceso, teniendo cuenta nuestro sistema; el juez deberá ponderar cada caso específico en base a medios probatorios y al principio de inmediación tomado de la audiencia de juzgamiento.

This article addresses the illegal evidence in the labor process, where “The evidence“ is a figure that applies to all types of processes, be they civil, criminal, constitutional (with their limitations) in public administrative processes or in private administrative, going through the contentious-administrative process, up to the labor process, including the arbitration procedure. In all types of process or procedure the Test is applied. It is convenient to indicate that the criteria conforming to the qualification of the illicit evidence within the labor processes are developed as a central nucleus. Where it is observed that, in labor procedural law, although there is a regulation of the evidence contained in subchapter VI called “Evidence activity“, articles 21 to 29 of the new labor procedural law; being that, there is no own norm that develops the mentioned illicit test within the labor legislation, being demonstrated in the present article. Thus, we will identify the predominant criteria that labor judges must take into account when referring to the admission of the validity and effectiveness of the so-called “illegal evidence“, within the framework of the labor process. Therefore, that is why the main problem has been exposed, the criteria to determine an illegal test in the Peruvian labor process; Likewise, as a specific problem, the forms that the criteria of illegal evidence affect in the labor process; in the same way, it is justified in a practical way, because it seeks to adapt criteria on illegal evidence by adding a new way of evaluating the evidentiary means of the labor process. Finally, we will propose that the criteria of illegal evidence should be taken into account in the application of the labor process, such as its application or its legal nature, positions that can be applied to the process, taking into account our system. Existing positions of its application in comparative law, the judge must weigh each specific case based on the evidence and the principle of immediacy taken from the trial hearing.