Bibliographic citations
Lipa, L., (2024). Metodología numérica automatizada para la evaluación de la respuesta dinámica de construcciones prehispánicas de piedra de junta seca en el Perú [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/27905
Lipa, L., Metodología numérica automatizada para la evaluación de la respuesta dinámica de construcciones prehispánicas de piedra de junta seca en el Perú []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2024. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/27905
@phdthesis{renati/528616,
title = "Metodología numérica automatizada para la evaluación de la respuesta dinámica de construcciones prehispánicas de piedra de junta seca en el Perú",
author = "Lipa Cusi, Leonel",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2024"
}
The study and the conservation of stone heritage is a global concern, mainly when these constructions are in seismic zones. Due to its great cultural and historical diversity, Peru has many stone constructions in different archaeological sites, covering different construction typologies. Unfortunately, many of these constructions have not yet been structurally evaluated, so their structural behaviour is unknown. In addition, there is no classification of the stone structural typologies (taxonomy), so the different characteristics of existing constructions are unknown. One way to study the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of these stone structures is to use a rigorous -but fast- numerical methodology to adequately reproduce the different failure mechanisms based on the dynamics of rigid bodies within the finite element method. Then, this work presents a taxonomic classification of prehispanic stone constructions in Peru, derived from a field study, as the first contribution. Based on this taxonomy, several archaeological sites in Puno and Cusco were classified, and the most common typologies of these regions were identified. The research also proposes novel algorithms developed in Python to obtain the geometric model of dry-joint stone structures using images taken by a camera, a mobile phone, or an existing photograph (including identification of stones and joints, named image segmentation). These routines allow the creation of a 3D model of each block (stone), assembling them, and exporting them to a finite element program for further evaluation. Regarding developing a numerical methodology, the dynamic of rigid bodies within the finite element method is proposed here. Each stone block is considered a rigid body interconnected with other blocks through nonlinear interfaces. This methodology was validated using Abaqus, based on the results of experimental tests developed in this thesis. The experimental campaign was carried out on three walls built with concrete blocks, simulating the geometry of the Inca structures. The walls were built on a tilting table and tested by rotating them out of the plane of the wall. Then, numerical models of the tests were developed by considering each stone as a rigid body and calibrating the contact properties to simulate the experimental behaviour correctly. The numerical results in weight, collapse angle, relative displacements at different points of the structure and collapse mechanisms were very similar to those obtained in the experimental campaign. As a case study, a section of an Inca stone wall from Sacsayhuaman, Cusco, was numerically evaluated using various seismic records. The complete geometric model of the stone wall was automatically obtained using the Python routines. Furthermore, discrete element particles represented the soil behind the wall. The properties of the numerical model were obtained from the experimental campaign, and the predominant frequencies of the structure were obtained using the vibration approach. As a result, the structure can adequately support these seismic records scaled up to a peak acceleration of 0.1g. However, it suffers significant residual displacements for scaled records greater than 0.2 g. The proposed numerical methodology allows the rigorous evaluation of dry-jointed stone structures, knowing if the structure should be intervened to ensure its functionality. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this research will be used to study other stone constructions, opening possibilities for improving the methodology for different structural configurations.
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