Bibliographic citations
Aguilar, C., (2006). Relaciones filogenéticas entre algunos Telmatobinidos (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Telmatobiinae) de Perú basado en la morfología de los estados larval y adulto [Tesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3324
Aguilar, C., Relaciones filogenéticas entre algunos Telmatobinidos (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Telmatobiinae) de Perú basado en la morfología de los estados larval y adulto [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3324
@mastersthesis{renati/486429,
title = "Relaciones filogenéticas entre algunos Telmatobinidos (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Telmatobiinae) de Perú basado en la morfología de los estados larval y adulto",
author = "Aguilar Puntriano, César Augusto",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos",
year = "2006"
}
--- Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius are the two genera of Telmatobiinae (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) present in Peru. They present adaptations to live in the highland parts of the Andes which include their aquatic or semi-aquatic habits in high Andean creeks, lagoons or lakes. This study has as a main objective to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between B. macrostomus, B. brachydactylus and 15 species of Telmatobius from Peru using the morphological characters of the larval and adult stages and chromosomic characters. Morphological characters that were used to distinguish Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius as well as the probable sinapomorphies that would diagnose Telmatobius are also included. A total of 234 adult and juvenile specimens along with 173 larvae were examined. Two phylogenetic analyses were performed: one including only the morphological characters, and another simultaneously with chromosomic characters. The analyses with morphological characters showed 50 most parsimonious trees with 60 steps. A strict consensus of this analysis showed an unresolved group composed of T. atahualpai, T. truebae, T. latirostris and T. punctatus, and a clade formed by Batrachophrynus and the remaining species of Telmatobius. This latter clade is formed by an unresolved group contaning T. arequipensis, T. brevipes, T. culeus, T. jelskii, T. marmoratus, T. peruvianus and T. rimac; a subclade formed by T. brevirostris and T. intermedius; and another subclade contaning T. mayoloi, T. carrillae and Batrachophrynus. The simultaneous analysis of morphological and chromosomic characters showed 30 most parsimonious trees with 104 steps each. The strict consensus of this simultaneous analysis showed similar results to the analyses performed with morphological characters, differing only in: 1) the presence of lower support values for the clades; 2) absence of the T. brevirostris-T. intermedius clade whose species in turn show unresolved relationships with T. culeus, T. jelskii, T. marmoratus, T. peruvianus and T. rimac; 3) obtaining T. arequipensis as the sister group of this unresolved group; and 4) having T. brevipes at the base to the latter clade. The results of this study hypothesize that the species assigned to Batrachophrynus form a monophyletic group with T. carrillae but within the lineage containing the other Telmatobius species, therefore, Batrachophrynus is sinonimized to Telmatobius. The synapomorphies shared by some trees and used to diagnose the Peruvian Telmatobius species (including those of Batrachophrynus) were larval character states mainly. It is suggested that some of these synapomorphies such as the presence of a transangular oral disc, anterior ends of the trabecular horns non perpendicular to the axial axis of the chondrocranium, and absence of an orbital commissura would diagnose Telmatobius. The hypothesis of an ecological speciation of T. brachydactylus and T. macrostomus is revised based on the results of this work and published ecological, genetic and geological data.
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