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Reyes, M., (2012). Crédito laboral: su falta de signo de recognocibilidad como causante de inseguridad jurídica [Tesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3419
Reyes, M., Crédito laboral: su falta de signo de recognocibilidad como causante de inseguridad jurídica [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3419
@misc{renati/481599,
title = "Crédito laboral: su falta de signo de recognocibilidad como causante de inseguridad jurídica",
author = "Reyes Puma, Mario Eliseo",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos",
year = "2012"
}
Title: Crédito laboral: su falta de signo de recognocibilidad como causante de inseguridad jurídica
Authors(s): Reyes Puma, Mario Eliseo
Keywords: Crédito - Perú; Derecho y legislación del trabajo - Perú; Salarios - Derecho y legislación - Perú
OCDE field: https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.05.01
Issue Date: 2012
Institution: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Abstract: En el derecho laboral encontramos muchos temas que por su contenido resultan controversiales, pero hay uno en especial que dada su relevancia no sólo en nuestro país, sino también en la legislación comparada, nos ha motivado a realizar el presente trabajo de investigación que esta vinculado al tema de la preferencia de los créditos laborales, teniendo esté tantas implicancias en el ordenamiento jurídico que rebasa el campo netamente laboral de ahí también que en otras legislaciones no deja de ser polémico; más aún, si el campo practico encontramos resoluciones expedidas por las Salas Especializadas Supremas de la República, tanto las Civiles y Laborales, que resultan contradictorias en algunos casos y sí ha ello, le sumamos las resoluciones del Tribunal Constitucional, nos encontramos entonces con muchas aristas que merecen ser analizadas y permitirnos hacer un mejor estudio para poder establecer que tanto asidero tiene dicha preferencia frente a otras obligaciones que pudiera tener el empleador. Existe una serie de cuestionamientos a la preferencia de los créditos laborales por un gran sector de la doctrina, quienes han mencionado sus objeciones por sus efectos o consecuencias perniciosos a la seguridad jurídica, económica, sociedad, etc., que trae consigo dicha preferencia, sosteniendo entre otras cosas que: El Decreto legislativo N° 856, establece los alcances y limites de la norma constitucional y que la persecución de los bienes del empleador solo se aplica en los dos supuestos establecidos en la ley; la preferencia solo se puede dar en caso de concurrencia de acreedores; se viene afectando las garantías reales y con ello el encarecimiento del crédito hipotecario y la seguridad en las transferencias de propiedades; no se puede oponer el derecho de crédito que es de carácter personal frente a uno de distinta naturaleza como el real; se atenta contra la fe pública registral; crea inseguridad jurídica al carecer el crédito laboral de un signo de reconocibilidad; propicia el fraude entre empleadores y trabajadores; se tiene que acreditar la mala fe del empleador así como del tercero adquiriente; hay que poner límites de tiempo y monto a la preferencia; que la afectación de la transferencias en todo caso se tiene que efectuar sólo cuando el crédito laboral se haya generado, etc.; cuestionamientos que esperamos absolver con la misma fuerza y soporte de sus retractores, antes de ingresar a las resoluciones expedidas por el supremo interprete de la Constitución..De todos los cuestionamiento mencionados unos con mayor asidero que otros, nos llama poderosamente la atención y que nos lleva al Titulo de nuestro trabajo de investigación es al referido al “Crédito Laboral: Su falta de signo de recognocibilidad como causante de inseguridad jurídica”. Hemos querido iniciar nuestro trabajo señalando cual es la Justificación de la preferencia del crédito laboral frente a otra clases de obligaciones que pudiera tener el empleador, las razones de ese privilegio, el nivel que se le otorga a los créditos laborales en otras Constituciones, tanto Americanas como Europeas; así como la protección dada por los Convenios de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, específicamente los Convenios 95, 173 así como la recomendación N° 180; aunque no han sido suscritos por el Estado Peruano sus acuerdos en cierto modo han sido acatados por nuestro país. Abordaremos como ha sido el tratamiento de los créditos laborales en nuestra legislación laboral, pasando por otras normas legales que también establecen esta preferencia; analizando cada uno de los artículos del Decreto Legislativo N° 856, sin dejar de soslayar que con anterioridad al citado decreto las Salas Laborales venían pronunciándose a favor de la preferencia y persecución de los Créditos laborales.
Veremos que una de las principales instituciones del derecho real que es la compra y venta y en especial cuando se trata de bienes inmuebles que conforme a nuestro ordenamiento se transmite con el mero consentimiento de las partes, sin que sea necesario su inscripción, desconociendo los terceros quien es el real propietario de dicho inmueble generando con ello, una gran cantidad de conflictos que se presentan en nuestros tribunales para determinar ha quien le corresponde la propiedad. No podemos dejar de mencionar las Casaciones que tanto las Salas Civiles Supremas, como las Salas de Derecho Constitucional y Social de la Corte Suprema han emitido en materia de Tercerías, pero sobre todo analizaremos las resoluciones emitidas por el Tribunal Constitucional cuando ha tenido que pronunciarse sobre la preferencia del crédito laboral; para esto último hemos creído conveniente previamente dejar bien en claro lo referente a la Constitución, sus principios y valores que ella contiene, así como sus métodos de interpretación para que partiendo de ellos podamos realizar una explicación de las normas infra constitucionales y en especial la que regula lo concerniente al crédito laboral; así como establecer la distinción entre la jurisprudencia, doctrina jurisprudencial y los precedentes vinculantes expedidos por el Supremo Interprete de la Constitución. Por último señalaremos las conclusiones y recomendaciones arribadas, no sin antes indicar que así como en nuestro país la preferencia de los créditos laborales es un “ tema tortuoso “ que se encuentra pendiente hasta el momento de solución satisfactoria para todas las partes involucradas, en otros países también sucede lo mismo en mayor o menor grado que el nuestro.
In labor lawfound many topics that are controversial content, but there is one in particular given their importance not only in our country, in comparative lawtoo, has motivated us to conduct a research work which is linked to the issue Preference of LaborCredit having this many implications in the legal system that goes beyond the purely labor in other legislation there continues to be controversial. In the practice, there isjudicial decisionissue by Room SupremeSpecializedof Republic of Peru labor and civil those are contradictory in some cases. Also, the judicial decision issues by Law Court, there are many edges that to be analyzed and to be a better study to establish how much legal support has preference over other obligations that the employer could have. There are a number of questions about Preference of Labor Credits by a sector of the doctrine; because of they believe that the effects of preference are dangerous security system legal, economic and social. Also, they think in the other things that Legislative Decree N° 856 to be establishlimits of theConstitutional law and that the persecution of employer property only applies inboth cases establish by law, such as:The preference may be given only on the Meeting of Creditors. In this case is affected to Real Warranty, higherMortgage loan and security in property transfer. It´s impossible to offer a personal credit right over to one of different nature as real warranty, because it threatens with bona fides register, to generate insecurity system legal to decrease labor credit and bring about evasionbetween employers and workers.Also, its necessary accredit bona fides of employer as third to acquire and to put limits of time and the preference amount. The affected in the transfer hasbeen madewhen the Labor Credit is generated. All those questions we will try to absolve with the same strength of our opposition, before entering the resolutions issued by the supreme interpreter of the constitution. Of all the questions mentioned some more grip than others, calls attention to us and leads us to title of our research referred to “Labor Credit”: Your failure to sign of recognocibilidad to cause legal insecurity. We have wanted to star our research mentioned the justification of Credit Labor over other kind of obligations the employer could have, the reasons of this privilege, the level to give in other constitutions so in America like in Europe; what is protection of International Organization of Job in convention 95, 173, as well as, recommendation 180; although this convention wasn’t been signed for Peru, but these are obeying in our country. Also, we raise us which are the treatment of Labor Credit in our labor legislation, other laws that establish about preference too; analyzing each one of items of Legislative Decree N° 856, not to ignore that before, the said Legislative Decree labor rooms were coming declare in favor of preference and persecution of labor credits. On the other hand, we’ll study the main institution of real warranty, such as: contract of buy - sale, in specialbona inmobilia, because of in our legislation bona inmobilia areonly transmitted with consent of contracting parties. It’s not necessary inscription of bona immobilain a public register, ignoring the third who is the actual owner of that property. This situation generated many problems in Courts of justice to determine to who the property belong. We can’t leave of mentioning the judicial decision issued by Room Supreme Specialized Civil; Rooms constitutional law and Supreme Court social about Terceira, but overcoat discuss the judicial decision issued by Law Court when they are pronounced about Preference of Labor Credit. Previously, we have thought proper to refer about constitution, principle and values, as well as, method of interpretation, because of based on them can make an explanation of constitutional law and especially concerning regulating labor credit. Also, we establish which is the different between Case Law, doctrine and binding precedents issued by Supreme interpreter of the Constitution. Finally, weto point out conclusions and recommendations and mentioned as well as in our country the preference is a complicated topic which is waiting to satisfactory solutionat this moment, in other countries happened greateror lesser degree the same than ours.
In labor lawfound many topics that are controversial content, but there is one in particular given their importance not only in our country, in comparative lawtoo, has motivated us to conduct a research work which is linked to the issue Preference of LaborCredit having this many implications in the legal system that goes beyond the purely labor in other legislation there continues to be controversial. In the practice, there isjudicial decisionissue by Room SupremeSpecializedof Republic of Peru labor and civil those are contradictory in some cases. Also, the judicial decision issues by Law Court, there are many edges that to be analyzed and to be a better study to establish how much legal support has preference over other obligations that the employer could have. There are a number of questions about Preference of Labor Credits by a sector of the doctrine; because of they believe that the effects of preference are dangerous security system legal, economic and social. Also, they think in the other things that Legislative Decree N° 856 to be establishlimits of theConstitutional law and that the persecution of employer property only applies inboth cases establish by law, such as:The preference may be given only on the Meeting of Creditors. In this case is affected to Real Warranty, higherMortgage loan and security in property transfer. It´s impossible to offer a personal credit right over to one of different nature as real warranty, because it threatens with bona fides register, to generate insecurity system legal to decrease labor credit and bring about evasionbetween employers and workers.Also, its necessary accredit bona fides of employer as third to acquire and to put limits of time and the preference amount. The affected in the transfer hasbeen madewhen the Labor Credit is generated. All those questions we will try to absolve with the same strength of our opposition, before entering the resolutions issued by the supreme interpreter of the constitution. Of all the questions mentioned some more grip than others, calls attention to us and leads us to title of our research referred to “Labor Credit”: Your failure to sign of recognocibilidad to cause legal insecurity. We have wanted to star our research mentioned the justification of Credit Labor over other kind of obligations the employer could have, the reasons of this privilege, the level to give in other constitutions so in America like in Europe; what is protection of International Organization of Job in convention 95, 173, as well as, recommendation 180; although this convention wasn’t been signed for Peru, but these are obeying in our country. Also, we raise us which are the treatment of Labor Credit in our labor legislation, other laws that establish about preference too; analyzing each one of items of Legislative Decree N° 856, not to ignore that before, the said Legislative Decree labor rooms were coming declare in favor of preference and persecution of labor credits. On the other hand, we’ll study the main institution of real warranty, such as: contract of buy - sale, in specialbona inmobilia, because of in our legislation bona inmobilia areonly transmitted with consent of contracting parties. It’s not necessary inscription of bona immobilain a public register, ignoring the third who is the actual owner of that property. This situation generated many problems in Courts of justice to determine to who the property belong. We can’t leave of mentioning the judicial decision issued by Room Supreme Specialized Civil; Rooms constitutional law and Supreme Court social about Terceira, but overcoat discuss the judicial decision issued by Law Court when they are pronounced about Preference of Labor Credit. Previously, we have thought proper to refer about constitution, principle and values, as well as, method of interpretation, because of based on them can make an explanation of constitutional law and especially concerning regulating labor credit. Also, we establish which is the different between Case Law, doctrine and binding precedents issued by Supreme interpreter of the Constitution. Finally, weto point out conclusions and recommendations and mentioned as well as in our country the preference is a complicated topic which is waiting to satisfactory solutionat this moment, in other countries happened greateror lesser degree the same than ours.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3419
Discipline: Derecho con mención en Derecho del Trabajo y la Seguridad Social
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencia Política. Unidad de Posgrado
Grade or title: Magíster en Derecho con mención en Derecho del Trabajo y la Seguridad Social
Register date: 9-Jan-2014
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