Bibliographic citations
Martinez, N., Monroe, M. (2019). Eficacia y seguridad de los inhibidores del punto de control inmune en pacientes con cáncer renal avanzado o metastásico: revisión sistemática [Tesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)]. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/648763
Martinez, N., Monroe, M. Eficacia y seguridad de los inhibidores del punto de control inmune en pacientes con cáncer renal avanzado o metastásico: revisión sistemática [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC); 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/648763
@misc{renati/386560,
title = "Eficacia y seguridad de los inhibidores del punto de control inmune en pacientes con cáncer renal avanzado o metastásico: revisión sistemática",
author = "Monroe Rivera, Mark Aarón",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)",
year = "2019"
}
Introduction Kidney cancer accounts for 2% of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. The first lines of treatment in patients in advanced stages have been limited, mainly due to the high toxicity. Among the new lines of treatment, the immune control point inhibitors (IPI) (anti PD-1 / anti PDL-1 / anti CTLA-4) stand out, these have shown a greater overall survival, a better quality of life and a better safety profile in other types of cancer when they have been compared to standard therapy. Objective Review the literature on the efficacy and safety of immune control point inhibitors (IPI) in the first- or second-line treatment of metastatic or advanced renal cancer, compared to standard therapy. Materials and methods We conducted a search in Medline (Pubmed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, LILACs and the Cochrane Library until May 2019. In addition to gray literature sources (clinical trial records and cancer conferences). PROSPERO ID: CRD42017077661. Results We selected 05 studies, 04 in the first line and 01 in the second line. In the case of first-line treatment, two studies found a significant difference, with greater survival in the group receiving IPI versus sunitinib. Thus, in the Checkmate 214 study, a HR of 0.68 (IC99.8%: 0.49 to 0.95) was found for nivolumab + ipilimumab, and Keynote 426 a HR of 0.53 (95% CI: 0, 38 to 0.74) for pembrolizumab + axitinib. In addition, two studies found significant difference in progression-free survival. The Javelin 101 study reported a 12.5-month SLP for avelumab + axitinib and 8.4 months for sunitinib (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.84). Similar results were found in the Keynote 426 study comparing pembrolizumab + axitinib against sunitinib (15.1 months versus 11.1 months; HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.84). Three of the four clinical trials found a significant difference in the objective response rate against sunitinib, both for the combination of nivolumab with ipilimumab (38.7% vs. 32.9%; RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1, 02 to 1.41), as for the combination of avelumab and axitinib (55.8% vs. 30.2%; RR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.57 to 2.18), and the combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib (59.2% vs. 35.6%; RR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.43 to 1.92). About safety, the majority of studies reported a slightly lower frequency of adverse events in the groups receiving some IPI versus sunitinib, which was statistically significant only in the Checkmate 214 study (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86 a 0.98). In relation to adverse events grade 3 or more, three studies reported a higher frequency of these in those who received some IPI being only statistically significant in those who received atezolizumab + bevacizumab (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.85). While one study reported a higher frequency of grade 3 adverse events or more with sunitinib (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.83). Finally, the majority of studies reported a higher number of toxicity deaths in the group receiving IPI versus sunitinib. In the second-line treatment, nivolumab had a significant difference in overall survival (HR: 0.73; IC98.5%: 0.57-0.93) and the objective response rate (RR: 4.69; IC95 %: 3.02-7.28). In addition, Nivolumab present lower frequency of adverse events compared to everolimus. It is important to note that only two studies evaluated health-related quality of life, CheckMate 025 where, nivolumab was shown to sustain and improve the quality of life indices with respect to everolimus; however, in CheckMate 214 this variable was not studied in the total population, but in a subgroup whose IMDC score was medium or worse prognosis. In the study in question, the intervention proved to improve the quality of life. It should be noted that, since they were open-ended studies, the five selected articles had a high risk of bias rating, which could influence the results of both the intervention and the control. Conclusion Although most of the exposed results demonstrate superiority over the first-line treatments, they come from studies with a high risk of bias. Therefore, we believe that further studies are needed to confirm that IPIs are effective and safe in the treatment of patients with metastatic or advanced renal cancer.
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