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Saldaña, L., (2023). Criterios de atribución y aplicación de autoría mediata por dominio de organización empresarial [Tesis, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12759/10772
Saldaña, L., Criterios de atribución y aplicación de autoría mediata por dominio de organización empresarial [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego; 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12759/10772
@mastersthesis{renati/381857,
title = "Criterios de atribución y aplicación de autoría mediata por dominio de organización empresarial",
author = "Saldaña Monzón, Luis Miguel",
publisher = "Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego",
year = "2023"
}
Title: Criterios de atribución y aplicación de autoría mediata por dominio de organización empresarial
Authors(s): Saldaña Monzón, Luis Miguel
Advisor(s): Seminario Mauricio, Jorge Fernando
Keywords: Autoría; Organización
OCDE field: http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.05.02
Issue Date: 2023
Institution: Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego
Abstract: El artículo 23 del Código Penal establece que es autor del delito, según corresponda, el que realiza el hecho por sí mismo en referencia a la autoría directa, entendiéndose que el sujeto agente realiza toda la fase del iter ctriminis como son la idea, los actos preparatorios, la fase de ejecución hasta llegar a la fase de consumación o el resultado esperado.
De la misma manera dicha disposición estable que es autor quien realiza el hecho por medio de otro, haciendo referencia a la existencia de una persona denominada como “hombre de atrás” quien domina el hecho y asimismo la voluntad del instrumento, el cual ejecuta la realización del hecho delictivo pero sin tener responsabilidad penal, como en los casos de instrumentos menores de edad infancia por ejemplo comprendida hasta los doce años, personas que actúan con error de tipo penal invencible, entre otras.
Debiendo sostener que el “hombre de atrás” tiene responsabilidad penal mientras que el instrumento no tiene responsabilidad penal por su propia condición sea de menor de edad (infante) o en su caso persona que desconoce uno o más elementos del tipo objetivo (error de tipo pena invencible – teoría del delito).
El Profesor Claus Roxin en el año 1963 publica al mundo del Derecho la extensión de la autoría media por dominio de la organización de poder, en la que ambos sea “hombre de atrás” e instrumento tienen responsabilidad pena, siempre que se trate de una estructura de poder que se haya creado dentro del marco legal, pero que se aparta de la legalidad con la finalidad de cometer delitos, los cuales son lineamientos emitidos desde la cúspide de la organización y hayan discurrido de
6
manera vertical a las personas conocidas como instrumentos quienes asimismo tiene naturaleza fungible y están y ejecutan las ordenes.
Sin embargo como sostiene el mismo profesor Roxin esta es aplicable a las organizaciones estatales o para estatales, como en el Perú se ha aplicado al Caso Alberto Fujimori y el Grupo Colina, y asimismo el caso de Terrorismo, Abimael Guzmán y Sendero Luminoso.
Sin embargo consideramos que el avance de la criminalidad y la creación de personas jurídicas, la globalización del comercio, actividades mineras y nuevas políticas sobre criminalidad para combatir el delito, hacen necesario ampliar y fijar criterios de atribución que permitan al Estado, Ministerio Público, Poder Judicial y Policía Nacional del Perú, combatir la criminalidad desde el punto de vista de la autoría mediata por dominio de la organización empresarial y no tener estancamientos en aspectos teóricos en base al artículo 23 del Código Penal.
Article 23 of the Penal Code establishes that the perpetrator of the crime, as appropriate, is the one who performs the act himself in reference to direct authorship, understanding that the agent subject performs the entire phase of the iter ctriminis such as the idea, the acts preparations, the execution phase until reaching the consummation phase or the expected result. In the same way, said stable provision that is the author who performs the act through another, referring to the existence of a person called ““man behind““ who dominates the act and also the will of the instrument, which executes the realization of the criminal act but without criminal responsibility, as in the cases of minor instruments of childhood, for example, up to twelve years of age, people who act with an invincible criminal error, among others. Having to maintain that the ““man behind““ has criminal responsibility while the instrument does not have criminal responsibility for its own condition, whether it is a minor (infant) or, in its case, a person who does not know one or more elements of the objective type (error of type invincible penalty – crime theory). Professor Claus Roxin in 1963 published to the world of Law the extension of the average authorship by domain of the power organization, in which both the ““man behind““ and the instrument have penal responsibility, as long as it is a structure of power that has been created within the legal framework, but that departs from legality with the purpose of committing crimes, which are guidelines issued from the top of the organization and have passed vertically to the people known as instruments who likewise it is fungible in nature and they are there and carry out the orders. 8 However, as Professor Roxin himself maintains, this is applicable to state or para-state organizations, as in Peru it has been applied to the Case of Alberto Fujimori and the Colina Group, and also the case of Terrorism, Abimael Guzmán and Sendero Luminoso. However, we consider that the advance of crime and the creation of legal persons, the globalization of trade, mining activities and new crime policies to combat crime, make it necessary to expand and set attribution criteria that allow the State, the Public Prosecutor's Office, Power Judicial and National Police of Peru, combat crime from the point of view of mediate authorship by domain of the business organization and not have stagnation in theoretical aspects based on article 23 of the Penal Code.
Article 23 of the Penal Code establishes that the perpetrator of the crime, as appropriate, is the one who performs the act himself in reference to direct authorship, understanding that the agent subject performs the entire phase of the iter ctriminis such as the idea, the acts preparations, the execution phase until reaching the consummation phase or the expected result. In the same way, said stable provision that is the author who performs the act through another, referring to the existence of a person called ““man behind““ who dominates the act and also the will of the instrument, which executes the realization of the criminal act but without criminal responsibility, as in the cases of minor instruments of childhood, for example, up to twelve years of age, people who act with an invincible criminal error, among others. Having to maintain that the ““man behind““ has criminal responsibility while the instrument does not have criminal responsibility for its own condition, whether it is a minor (infant) or, in its case, a person who does not know one or more elements of the objective type (error of type invincible penalty – crime theory). Professor Claus Roxin in 1963 published to the world of Law the extension of the average authorship by domain of the power organization, in which both the ““man behind““ and the instrument have penal responsibility, as long as it is a structure of power that has been created within the legal framework, but that departs from legality with the purpose of committing crimes, which are guidelines issued from the top of the organization and have passed vertically to the people known as instruments who likewise it is fungible in nature and they are there and carry out the orders. 8 However, as Professor Roxin himself maintains, this is applicable to state or para-state organizations, as in Peru it has been applied to the Case of Alberto Fujimori and the Colina Group, and also the case of Terrorism, Abimael Guzmán and Sendero Luminoso. However, we consider that the advance of crime and the creation of legal persons, the globalization of trade, mining activities and new crime policies to combat crime, make it necessary to expand and set attribution criteria that allow the State, the Public Prosecutor's Office, Power Judicial and National Police of Peru, combat crime from the point of view of mediate authorship by domain of the business organization and not have stagnation in theoretical aspects based on article 23 of the Penal Code.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12759/10772
Discipline: Maestría en Derecho
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Escuela de Postgrado
Grade or title: Maestra en Derecho con Mención en Derecho Penal
Juror: Mauricio Juárez, Francisco Javier; Rojas Guanilo, María Cecilia; Zegarra Arévalo, Ronal Manolo
Register date: 6-Jun-2023
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License