Gestante con Covid - 19: Análisis del manejo obstétrico

Abstract

COVID-19 es un virus de la familia de los coronavirus, se presume que el lugar donde se inició la pandemia fue en China, Wuhan y su probable animal reservorio fuera el murciélago. Este virus presenta 4 proteínas estructurales y 16 proteínas no estructurales que son responsables de su transcripción y replicación al unirse al receptor de la enzima convertidora de la angiotencina 2, causando manifestaciones pulmonares (neumonía atípica) y extrapulmonares. El COVID-19 y el embarazo es un problema de salud de orden mundial que tiene especial cuidado por el hecho que al brindar servicio médico se está abordando a dos pacientes, tanto la gestante y el feto o recién nacido. Actualmente no se ha evidenciado si hay contagio por transmisión vertical, sin embargo, se ha registrado transmisión horizontal durante la lactancia materna. La atención médica para gestantes con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19 debe ser guiada por un determinado protocolo de atención obstétrica que incluirá examen físico y paraclínicos. La forma de término y vía de parto debe ser evaluada de forma individualizada y tomando en cuenta múltiples factores; además de seguir con los protocolos de protección a la gestante y personal médico correspondientes

COVID-19 is a virus of the coronavirus family, it is presumed that the place where the pandemic started was in China, Wuhan and its probable reservoir animal was the bat. This virus has 4 structural proteins and 16 non-structural proteins that are responsible for its transcription and replication by binding to the receptor for the angiothencin-converting enzyme 2, causing pulmonary (atypical pneumonia) and extrapulmonary manifestations. COVID-19 and pregnancy is a global health problem that takes special care due to the fact that when providing medical service, two patients are being addressed, both the pregnant woman and the fetus or newborn. Currently it has not been evidenced if there is contagion by vertical transmission, however, horizontal transmission has been recorded during breastfeeding. Medical care for pregnant women with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 should be guided by a specific obstetric care protocol that will include physical and paraclinical examinations. The form of term and route of delivery must be evaluated individually and taking into account multiple factors; in addition to following the protocols for the protection of the pregnant woman and the corresponding medical personnel.